Table 1. Patient Characteristics at Time of Randomization.
| Characteristic | Patients, No. (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Usual care group (n = 1085) | Alert group (n = 1123) | |
| Demographics | ||
| Age, median (IQR), y | 65 (55-73) | 64 (54-72) |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 784 (72.3) | 776 (69.1) |
| Female | 301 (27.7) | 347 (30.9) |
| Current smoker status | 269 (24.8) | 277 (24.7) |
| Current alcohol use | 134 (12.4) | 157 (13.9) |
| Hospital admission | ||
| Patient in ICU | 637 (58.7) | 701 (62.4) |
| Patient in ward | 448 (41.3) | 422 (37.6) |
| Comorbidities | ||
| CKD | 250 (23.0) | 237 (21.1) |
| CHF | 212 (19.5) | 226 (20.1) |
| COPD | 38 (3.5) | 44 (3.9) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 217 (20.0) | 205 (18.3) |
| Diabetes | 219 (20.2) | 256 (22.8) |
| Hypertension | 568 (52.4) | 586 (52.2) |
| Malignant neoplasm | 229 (21.1) | 218 (19.4) |
| Liver disease | 83 (7.7) | 107 (9.5) |
| Laboratory values, median (IQR)a | ||
| Creatinine at AKI, mg/dL | 1.54 (1.17-2.08) | 1.54 (1.20-2.01) |
| eGFR at AKI, mL/min/1.73m2 | 44.2 (30.2-60.0) | 43.6 (31.1-58.5) |
| Baseline creatinine, mg/dLb | 0.87 (0.70-1.18) | 0.87 (0.70-1.17) |
| Urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 22.5 (16.6-32.5) | 21.5 (16.0-31.3) |
| WBC counts, ×103/μL | 7.96 (5.59-11.94) | 7.72 (5.52-11.74) |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.4 (10.4-14.0) | 12.6 (10.5-14.2) |
| Platelet counts, ×103/μL | 166 (117-218) | 171 (125-224) |
| Sodium, mEq/L | 141 (138-143) | 141 (138-143) |
| Potassium, mEq/L | 3.84 (3.53-4.16) | 3.84 (3.53-4.19) |
| Chloride, mEq/L | 105 (102-108) | 105 (102-108) |
| Calcium, mg/dL | 8.76 (8.24-9.12) | 8.76 (8.28-9.16) |
| Phosphorus, mg/dL | 3.31 (2.69-3.90) | 3.31 (2.66-3.90) |
| Time from admission to AKI, median (IQR), d | 6.0 (2.0-12.0) | 7.0 (2.0-13.0) |
Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; CHF, congestive heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ICU, intensive care unit; WBC, white blood cell.
SI conversion factors: To convert calcium to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.25; chloride to millimoles per liter, multiply by 1.0; creatinine to micromoles per liter, multiply by 88.4; hemoglobin to grams per liter, multiply by 10.0; platelet count to ×109 per liter, multiply by 1.0; phosphorus to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.323; potassium to millimoles per liter, multiply by 1.0; sodium to millimoles per liter, multiply by 1.0; urea nitrogen to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.357; and WBC to ×109 per liter, multiply by 0.001.
Values at randomization unless otherwise specified.
Values in the 7 days before randomization.