Table 2.
The BMP-2, FGF-2, VEGF, and ALP levels of each group on days 1, 3 and 7. BMP-2 levels significantly increased over time in all CSC groups, contrasting with the control group where they remained consistent. The highest FGF-2 levels were seen in Biodentine and NeoMTA groups on day 7. Bio MTA+ and NeoMTA exposure had no significant impact on VEGF levels at any time point, with the maximum VEGF level observed in the Biodentine group on day 7. All CSCs demonstrated elevated ALP activity compared to the control on days 3 and 7, with the highest ALP activity observed in the Biodentine and NeoMTA groups on day 7
| Markers | Day | Groups | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bio MTA+ | Biodentine | MTA CEM | NeoMTA | Control | Test statistics* | ||
| BMP-2 | Day 1 | 180.1 ± 21.1ab | 168.8 ± 31.9ab | 132.4 ± 4.1a | 147.4 ± 16.9a | 90.3 ± 4.5a | 6125.968 |
| Day 3 | 1142,5 ± 101.9c | 1055.3 ± 46.1c | 861.6 ± 112.1c | 898.5 ± 58c | 103 ± 7.4a | ||
| Day 7 | 2620.2 ± 320.1d | 2438.3 ± 215.7df | 1954.8 ± 118.8h | 2295.6 ± 241.5f | 156 ± 8.6a | ||
| FGF-2 | Day 1 | 35.8 ± 1.6a | 38.5 ± 4.3aef | 36.3 ± 3.9ae | 33.8 ± 2.2a | 31.3 ± 1.4a | 2783.987 |
| Day 3 | 71 ± 13.7bc | 77.7 ± 5.1b | 54.8 ± 0.9cfgi | 53.4 ± 0.9efgi | 34 ± 1.9a | ||
| Day 7 | 119.5 ± 23.6d | 147.4 ± 8.2h | 68 ± 5.3bci | 138.6 ± 16h | 37 ± 1.5ae | ||
| VEGF | Day 1 | 88.3 ± 16.6abc | 117 ± 10.8abcd | 96 ± 3.5abc | 75.4 ± 1.7bc | 61.9 ± 6.3c | 4108.873 |
| Day 3 | 118.6 ± 6.6abcd | 251.6 ± 27.3f | 172.3 ± 9.5adef | 115.9 ± 14.9abcd | 79.1 ± 3.6bc | ||
| Day 7 | 152.4 ± 10.6abde | 1050.9 ± 147.6g | 363 ± 56.7h | 88.8 ± 46.9abc | 92.7 ± 2.2abc | ||
| ALP | Day 1 | 175.8 ± 4.4abcde | 261.3 ± 26.8fhij | 121.2 ± 16.2blnoprst | 144.3 ± 21.6bcdlmnoprs | 82.1 ± 1.9t | 1867.538 |
| Day 3 | 237.4 ± 16.8fghijk | 293.6 ± 22h | 247.1 ± 28.4efhijk | 183 ± 17.2acdegkm | 87.6 ± 1.8ost | ||
| Day 7 | 263.9 ± 23.4fhj | 380.1 ± 22.9q | 265.8 ± 10.7hj | 382.9 ± 35.1q | 91.7 ± 1.3norst | ||
*Wald Chi-Squared Test; Degree of freedom (df) = 29, a-i: For each marker, different letters represent significant differences between groups (p < 001)