. 2024 Jan 20;24:119. doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-03891-w

Table 2.

The BMP-2, FGF-2, VEGF, and ALP levels of each group on days 1, 3 and 7. BMP-2 levels significantly increased over time in all CSC groups, contrasting with the control group where they remained consistent. The highest FGF-2 levels were seen in Biodentine and NeoMTA groups on day 7. Bio MTA+ and NeoMTA exposure had no significant impact on VEGF levels at any time point, with the maximum VEGF level observed in the Biodentine group on day 7. All CSCs demonstrated elevated ALP activity compared to the control on days 3 and 7, with the highest ALP activity observed in the Biodentine and NeoMTA groups on day 7

Markers	Day	Groups
Markers	Day	Bio MTA+	Biodentine	MTA CEM	NeoMTA	Control	Test statistics*
BMP-2	Day 1	180.1 ± 21.1^ab	168.8 ± 31.9^ab	132.4 ± 4.1^a	147.4 ± 16.9^a	90.3 ± 4.5^a	6125.968
	Day 3	1142,5 ± 101.9^c	1055.3 ± 46.1^c	861.6 ± 112.1^c	898.5 ± 58^c	103 ± 7.4^a
	Day 7	2620.2 ± 320.1^d	2438.3 ± 215.7^df	1954.8 ± 118.8^h	2295.6 ± 241.5^f	156 ± 8.6^a
FGF-2	Day 1	35.8 ± 1.6^a	38.5 ± 4.3^aef	36.3 ± 3.9^ae	33.8 ± 2.2^a	31.3 ± 1.4^a	2783.987
	Day 3	71 ± 13.7^bc	77.7 ± 5.1^b	54.8 ± 0.9^cfgi	53.4 ± 0.9^efgi	34 ± 1.9^a
	Day 7	119.5 ± 23.6^d	147.4 ± 8.2^h	68 ± 5.3^bci	138.6 ± 16^h	37 ± 1.5^ae
VEGF	Day 1	88.3 ± 16.6^abc	117 ± 10.8^abcd	96 ± 3.5^abc	75.4 ± 1.7^bc	61.9 ± 6.3^c	4108.873
	Day 3	118.6 ± 6.6^abcd	251.6 ± 27.3^f	172.3 ± 9.5^adef	115.9 ± 14.9^abcd	79.1 ± 3.6^bc
	Day 7	152.4 ± 10.6^abde	1050.9 ± 147.6^g	363 ± 56.7^h	88.8 ± 46.9^abc	92.7 ± 2.2^abc
ALP	Day 1	175.8 ± 4.4^abcde	261.3 ± 26.8^fhij	121.2 ± 16.2^blnoprst	144.3 ± 21.6^bcdlmnoprs	82.1 ± 1.9^t	1867.538
	Day 3	237.4 ± 16.8^fghijk	293.6 ± 22^h	247.1 ± 28.4^efhijk	183 ± 17.2^acdegkm	87.6 ± 1.8^ost
	Day 7	263.9 ± 23.4^fhj	380.1 ± 22.9^q	265.8 ± 10.7^hj	382.9 ± 35.1^q	91.7 ± 1.3^norst

*Wald Chi-Squared Test; Degree of freedom (df) = 29, a-i: For each marker, different letters represent significant differences between groups (p < 001)