Mean (SEM) cytokine levels in cell-free BAL, lung homogenates previously cleared from blood, and serum of mice infected with 107 S. pneumoniae cells. TNF in BAL (A), lung (B), and serum (C), IL-1 in BAL (D), lung (E), and serum (F), and IL-6 in BAL (G), lung (H), and serum (I) are reported. ∗, P < 0.05 compared with preinfection values; +, P < 0.01 compared with preinfection values.