Table 3.

Estimation of the impact of the policy on intermediate outcomes

	Born after policy
	OLS (model 1)	OLS (model 2)	FE (with the firstborn)	FE (without firstborn)
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
Delivery through CS	n = 16,056	n = 6646	n = 5037	n = 1461
	0.010	0.010	− 0.017	− 0.021
	(0.008)	(0.008)	(0.022)	(0.030)
Skilled delivery	n = 16,056	n = 6644	n = 5024	n = 1451
	0.041**	0.040**	0.170**	0.160
	(0.017)	(0.017)	(0.085)	(0.099)
Birth in a public facility (hospital)	n = 16,056	n = 6654	n = 5053	n = 1468
	0.058***	0.058***	0.200**	0.145
	(0.017)	(0.017)	(0.083)	(0.091)
Low birth weight	n = 15,982	n = 6654	n = 5053	n = 1468
	− 0.006	− 0.006	0.037	0.044
	(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.031)	(0.038)

The specifications are the same as Table 2 fixed effects models

***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1; Clustered robust standard errors in parentheses.

OLS: ordinary least squares; FE: fixed effects

Model 1: Using the five-year sample (complete data set)

Model 2: Using the one year before and one year after the policy sample.

FE (with firstborn): is the fixed effects when first born are included in the sample; while FE (without firstborn): is fixed effects when the sample is restricted only to women who have 2nd- or higher-order birth before the policy

Controls: (Year of birth, age of the mother at the birth of the baby, Preceding birth intervals of less than 2 years, Grand multipara, Multiple pregnancy, male baby, age of the mother at the first birth, ethnicity, and religion) were used as controls for the models. A complete set of estimates is available upon request