Table 2.

Occurrence (abundance and species) of epiphytes with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) on four tree species in the forest of San Lorenzo, Panama. Eight emergent trees of Aspidosperma spruceanum, three trees of Brosimum utile, eight trees of Calophyllum longifolium and four trees of Manilkara bidentata were studied. Only species for which δ¹³C information was available were included. Hemiepiphytes were excluded. The ‘Total’ column gives the number of all individuals and species, respectively, across all 24 studied trees (or crowns, respectively) and the proportion of individuals/species with CAM. Percentage data for the individual tree species are given as the mean ± s.d. Data are from Wagner et al. (2021). The forest is tropical moist lowland forest that experiences a 3- to 4-month-long dry season each year and ~3300 mm yr⁻¹ of rainfall

		Host tree species
Epiphyte	Total	Aspidosperma spruceanum	Brosimum utile	Calophyllum longifolium	Manilkara bidentata
Individuals	4655	824	807	1516	1508
Species	66	39	39	53	33
CAM individuals (%)	3.0	10.1 ± 12.6	1.6 ± 1.9	5.1 ± 7.0	1.6 ± 1.3
CAM species (%)	11.9	10.3 ± 10.7	5.1 ± 4.5	8.7 ± 5.6	7.7 ± 6.2
Crown individuals	4080	672	713	1307	1388
Crown species	57	32	33	46	29
Crown CAM individuals (%)	2.8	10.3 ± 15.1	1.9 ± 2.0	4.8 ± 9.6	6.1 ± 9.4
Crown CAM species (%)	15.1	11.1 ± 13.9	7.1 ± 6.3	6.5 ± 5.3	13.7 ± 14.1