Table 3.

Unadjusted univariate and age-adjusted bivariate Cox analyses for in-hospital mortality in patients admitted during the four pandemic waves (Catanzaro, Italy, 2020–2022).

Variables	Non-survivors	Survivors	Unadjusted HR (95% IC)	p-values	Age-adjusted HR (95% IC)	p-values
	(n = 80)	(n = 447)
Male sex (N, %)	45 (56%)	254 (57%)	1.08 (0.69–1.68)	0.74	0.79 (0.50–1.29)	0.32
Age (years, mean ± SD)	78.9 ± 11.9	65.9 ± 15.6	1.06 (1.04–1.08)	<0.001	–	–
Cancer (N, %)	18 (23%)	60 (13%)	1.82 (1.08–3.08)	0.02	1.41 (0.82–2.40)	0.20
Hypertension (N, %)	53 (66%)	281 (63%)	0.93 (0.59–1.49)	0.77	0.53 (0.33–0.087)	0.01
CVDa other than hypertension (N, %)	45 (56%)	145 (32%)	2.35 (1.51–3.66)	<0.001	1.51 (0.95–2.40)	0.07
Psychiatric disorders (N, %)	8 (10%)	63 (14%)	0.52 (0.25–1.08)	0.08	0.50 (0.24–1.05)	0.07
Neurologic diseases (N, %)	29 (36%)	87 (19%)	1.89 (1.19–2.98)	0.006	1.13 (0.70–1.84)	0.59
Chronic pulmonary disease (N, %)	28 (35%)	58 (13%)	2.69 (1.70–4.28)	<0.001	2.26 (1.42–3.59)	0.001
Diabetes mellitus (N, %)	28 (35%)	116 (26%)	1.46 (0.92–2.31)	0.11	1.32 (0.83–2.09)	0.23
Chronic kidney disease (N, %)	33 (41%)	72 (16%)	2.95 (1.89–4.61)	<0.001	1.70 (1.05–2.78)	0.03
Obesity (N, %)	27 (34%)	145 (32%)	0.97 (0.61–1.55)	0.89	1.25 (0.78–2.01)	0.34
Symptoms (N, %)	72 (90%)	373 (83%)	1.46 (0.70–3.02)	0.31	1.90 (0.91–3.96)	0.08
Fever (N, %)	42 (53%)	245 (55%)	0.85 (0.55–1.32)	0.47	1.08 (0.69–1.69)	0.71
Cough (N, %)	33 (41%)	201 (45%)	0.88 (0.56–1.37)	0.57	1.07 (0.68–1.68)	0.32
Dyspnea (N, %)	54 (68%)	177 (40%)	2.27 (1.42–3.62)	0.001	2.84 (1.77–4.56)	<0.001
Diarrhea (N, %)	4 (5%)	16 (4%)	1.32 (0.48–3.63)	0.58	1.76 (0.63–4.85)	0.27
Asthenia (N, %)	19 (24%)	140 (31%)	0.77 (0.46–1.29)	0.31	1.09 (0.64–1.87)	0.72
Oxygen saturation (%, mean ± SD)	89.7 ± 9.4	94.6 ± 5.1	0.95 (0.93–0.97)	<0.001	0.93 (0.91–0.95)	<0.001
Vaccination (N, %)	16 (20%)	117 (26%)	0.80 (0.46–1.38)	0.78	0.72 (0.42–1.26)	0.25

SD, standard deviation; ^aCVD, cardiovascular disease.