Figure 1.

Graphical abstract. The left panels exhibit the development pipeline of the UK Biobank cardiovascular disease risk prediction (UKCRP) model. The right panels demonstrate the key features, performance and an illustrative example of a webpage application. AHA/ASCVD, American Heart Association/Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease; AUC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; CVD, cardiovascular diseases; FGCRS, Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HS, haemorrhagic stroke; IS, ischaemic stroke; LGBM, light gradient boosting machine; MI, myocardial infarction; ML, machine learning; QRISK V.3, a cardiovascular disease risk score derived through QResearch database V.3; SCORE V.2, Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation V.2.