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. 2024 Jan 22;14:1838. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52406-8

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Association of multiple blood pressure variability metrics with incident Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias. Incident dementia risk associated with systolic measures of BPV (A) in the pooled cohort, (B) stratified by sex, and (C) stratified by age, as well as diastolic measures of BPV with the same stratification (D–F). Cox models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, number of visits, use of antihypertensive medications, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter, coronary artery disease, mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, presence of any metastatic malignancy, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, number of EKGs, and heart rate. Patients censored at last follow up visit or death prior to the end of the study period, whichever occurred later. Analyses exclude patients of unknown race due to model convergence. Abbreviations: ARV absolute real variability, CI confidence interval, MMD maximum–minimum difference, SD standard deviation.