Table 2.
Association of combined systolic blood pressure and heart rate variability with incident Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias in the EKG cohort, overall and stratified by sex and age.
| Outcome | Overall (n = 7270) | Sex stratified | Age stratified | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female (n = 4015) | Male (n = 3255) | p-valueb | Age ≥ 65 (n = 4517) | Age < 65 (n = 2753)c | |||
| Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI)a | Adjusted HR (95% CI)a | Adjusted HR (95% CI)a | Adjusted HR (95% CI)a | Adjusted HR (95% CI)a | ||
| Systolic VIM | 1.56 (1.36, 1.79) | 1.37 (1.16, 1.61) | 1.35 (1.08, 1.70) | 1.41 (1.11, 1.79) | 0.84 | 1.38 (1.16, 1.63) | – |
| Diastolic VIM | 1.26 (1.09, 1.47) | 1.18 (0.99, 1.40) | 1.09 (0.85, 1.38) | 1.34 (1.05, 1.71) | 0.14 | 1.18 (0.99, 1.41) | – |
CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, VIM variation independent of the mean.
aCox models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, number of visits, use of antihypertensive medications, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter, coronary artery disease, mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, presence of any metastatic malignancy, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, number of EKGs, and heart rate. Patients censored at last follow up visit or death prior to the end of the study period, whichever occurred later. Analyses exclude patients of unknown race due to model convergence.
bP-values for sex interaction, i.e. difference in adjusted HRs between males and females.
cToo few events (n = 7) for modeling.
Significant values are in bold.