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. 2024 Jan 8;11:1326258. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1326258

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Copyright © 2024 Huang and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Smoothed curve fitting shows the association between urine LnU and asthma prevalence after adjusting for confounders (age, gender, race, BMI, education, marital status, PIR, diabetes, hypertension, alcohol use, BUN, TB, TP, globulin, LnBa, LnCd, LnCo, LnCs, LnPb, LnSb, LnTl, LnTu, and LnHg). The area between the two dashed lines indicates a 95% confidence interval. U, uranium; BMI, body mass index; PIR, poverty to income ratio; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; TB, total bilirubin; TP, total protein; Ba, barium; Cd, cadmium; Co, cobalt; Cs, cesium; Pb, lead; Sb, stibium; Tl, thallium; Tu, tungsten; Hg, mercury.