Table 2.
Comparison of characteristics between the two groups of patients with diabetes and hypertension.
| Variable | Diabetes | Hypertension | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UACR < 30 mg/g (n = 368) |
UACR ≥ 30 mg/g (n = 224) |
p-value | UACR < 30 mg/g (n = 1,028) |
UACR ≥ 30 mg/g (n = 373) |
p-value | |
| Age (years) | 69.63 ± 0.26 | 73.21 ± 0.44 | <0.0001* | 70.11 ± 0.33 | 73.13 ± 0.51 | <0.0001* |
| Sex (N, %) | 0.42 | 0.55 | ||||
| Female | 707 (49.97) | 192 (47.18) | 501 (50.71) | 161 (48.19) | ||
| Male | 819 (50.03) | 267 (52.82) | 527 (49.29) | 212 (51.81) | ||
| Race ( N , %) | 0.003* | 0.03* | ||||
| Mexican American | 150 (3.01) | 62 (6.39) | 103 (3.34) | 48 (6.62) | ||
| Non-Hispanic black | 309 (8.62) | 105 (11.28) | 237 (10.71) | 91 (12.18) | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 821 (79.78) | 222 (71.13) | 530 (76.67) | 173 (69.22) | ||
| Other Hispanic | 165 (3.72) | 38 (4.53) | 106 (3.84) | 33 (5.18) | ||
| Other race | 81 (4.87) | 32 (6.67) | 52 (5.44) | 28 (6.81) | ||
| Education levels (N, %) | <0.0001* | 0.002* | ||||
| Less than 9th grade | 274 (9.98) | 121 (18.99) | 187 (11.18) | 93 (19.09) | ||
| 9–11th grade | 237 (13.96) | 90 (19.68) | 163 (13.94) | 75 (20.32) | ||
| More than high school | 1,014 (76.06) | 247 (61.33) | 678 (74.88) | 205 (60.59) | ||
| Smoking (N, %) | 0.16 | 0.10 | ||||
| Never smoker | 735 (46.68) | 193 (39.44) | 511 (49.34) | 162 (40.87) | ||
| Former smoker | 618 (43.55) | 195 (46.64) | 415 (43.80) | 160 (47.46) | ||
| Current smoker | 171 (9.77) | 71 (13.91) | 101 (6.86) | 51 (11.66) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.56 ± 0.23 | 28.57 ± 0.44 | 0.98 | 29.16 ± 0.29 | 29.05 ± 0.45 | 0.84 |
| ALT (U/L) | 23.22 ± 0.53 | 23.24 ± 1.73 | 0.99 | 23.96 ± 0.76 | 22.69 ± 1.40 | 0.40 |
| AST (U/L) | 25.71 ± 0.40 | 26.04 ± 0.99 | 0.75 | 26.27 ± 0.53 | 25.35 ± 0.98 | 0.37 |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 337.69 ± 3.23 | 351.68 ± 5.86 | 0.03* | 346.38 ± 4.54 | 351.78 ± 6.65 | 0.50 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.41 ± 0.03 | 1.54 ± 0.06 | 0.07 | 1.46 ± 0.04 | 1.53 ± 0.06 | 0.38 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.13 ± 0.05 | 4.93 ± 0.09 | 0.06 | 5.03 ± 0.06 | 4.99 ± 0.09 | 0.76 |
| Urine iodine (μg/L) | 365.12 ± 52.23 | 454.72 ± 116.60 | 0.48 | 434.59 ± 81.00 | 485.02 ± 141.33 | 0.75 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 75.12 ± 0.68 | 66.37 ± 1.45 | <0.0001* | 73.23 ± 0.84 | 65.61 ± 1.68 | <0.001* |
| FT3 (pg/mL) | 2.99 ± 0.01 | 2.90 ± 0.02 | <0.001* | 2.98 ± 0.02 | 2.91 ± 0.03 | 0.04* |
| FT4 (pmol/L) | 10.69 ± 0.06 | 11.14 ± 0.11 | <0.001* | 10.72 ± 0.06 | 11.17 ± 0.12 | <0.001* |
| TSH (mIU/L) | 1.97 ± 0.04 | 2.11 ± 0.08 | 0.11 | 2.00 ± 0.05 | 2.11 ± 0.09 | 0.25 |
| FT3/FT4 | 0.44 ± 0.00 | 0.41 ± 0.00 | <0.0001* | 0.44 ± 0.00 | 0.41 ± 0.01 | <0.001* |
| TFQIFT4 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | 0.17 ± 0.03 | 0.002* | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.17 ± 0.03 | 0.02* |
| TFQIFT3 | 0.03 ± 0.02 | −0.02 ± 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | −0.01 ± 0.03 | 0.16 |
| TT4RI | 20.89 ± 0.44 | 23.22 ± 0.8 | 0.02* | 21.24 ± 0.61 | 23.30 ± 0.99 | 0.07 |
| TT3RI | 9.05 ± 0.19 | 9.35 ± 0.33 | 0.43 | 9.14 ± 0.22 | 9.39 ± 0.36 | 0.53 |
| TSHI | 2.00 ± 0.02 | 2.11 ± 0.04 | 0.02* | 2.01 ± 0.03 | 2.11 ± 0.05 | 0.06 |
Data were presented as mean ± SD or median (interquartile ranges) for continuous variables, and numbers (proportions) for categorical variables.
BMI, body mass index; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FT3, free triiodothyronine; FT4, free thyroxine; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; FT3/FT4, FT3/FT4 ratio; TFQIFT4, TFQIFT3, thyroid feedback quantile-based index; TT4RI, thyrotrophic T4 resistance index; TT3RI, thyrotrophic T3 resistance index; TSHI, TSH index.
*p < 0.05.