Table 2.
Studies on international and intercultural education employing Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory reviewed in this study.
| References | Phenomena under study | Bron. cite* | Naming of the theory | Research method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bhowmik et al. (2018) | Acculturative stress and coping strategies among mainland Chinese university students in Hong Kong | 2006 | Socioecological model | Focused group interviews |
| Chkaif et al. (2022) | African students' mobility to China | 1979 | Ecological systems theory | Survey and interview |
| Conceição et al. (2021) | Brazilian Students Studying in the United States | 1994 | Ecological systems theory | Open-ended, self-reflective online questionnaire |
| Elliot and Kobayashi (2019) | Supervisors' interactions with international students | 2005 | Bio-ecological theory of human development | Interview |
| Elliot et al. (2016a) | International PhD students' academic acculturation | 2005 | Bio-ecological theory of human development, Bio-ecological systems theory | Visual metaphor approach |
| Elliot et al. (2016b) | International students' academic acculturation | 2005 | Bio-ecological theory of human development, Bio-ecological systems theory of human development, Ecological systems theory | Interpretative phenomenological approach |
| Emery et al. (2020) | Parent perspectives on schooling experiences of internationally adopted youth with disabilities | 2006 | Bioecological systems model | Qualitative analysis; questionnaire consisting of open-ended items |
| Jessup-Anger and Aragones (2013) | Students' peer interactions during a short-term study abroad | 1993 | Ecological systems theory | Constructivist approach; qualitative case study design; observation, interviews, and document review |
| Li and Que (2016) | Integration and career challenges of newcomer youth in Canada | 1979 | Ecological systems theory | Qualitative case study design; one-on-one interviews |
| Liu et al. (2022) | Academic career development of Chinese returnees with overseas PhD Degrees | 2006 | Bioecological model of human development | Semi structured interviews; a narrative approach |
| Marangell (2023) | Students' experiences of an internationalized university | 2005 | Ecological model of human development | Case study design; mixed-methods approach; questionnaire; interviews |
| McBrien (2011) | Refugee mothers' involvement in their children's schools | 1979 | Ecological systems model/theory | Focus group interviews |
| Merchant et al. (2020) | School administrators' responses to refugee students in their rural communities | 1979 | Ecological systems theory | Individual and focus group interviews; document analysis |
| Ngo et al. (2022a) | Professional development experiences of Vietnamese tertiary English as a foreign language lecturers | 1979 | Ecological systems theory | Semi-structured interviews; document analysis; a phenomenological approach |
| Ngo et al. (2022b) | Contextual influences on the professional development experiences of Vietnamese tertiary English as a foreign language lecturers | 1979 | Ecological systems theory | Semi-structured interviews; document analysis; a phenomenological approach |
| Porter and Porter (2020) | Japanese students' decisions to study abroad | 1986 | Ecological systems theory | In-depth interviews |
| Rokita-Jaśkow et al. (2023) | School socialization of bi/multilinguals in the eyes of English as a foreign language teachers | 1979 | Ecological perspective | Semi-structured interviews analyzed using a content analysis method |
| Suárez-Orozco et al. (2010) | Variations in academic trajectories amongst immigrant youth | 1977 | Ecological systems framework | Longitudinal study; interviews involving different question formats (open-ended, fill-in-the-blank; Likert scales, etc.); laten class growth curve analysis and multinomial logistic regressions |
| Taylor and Ali (2017) | Factors that influence meaningful learning and assimilation | 1993** | Ecological theory of human development | Timeline interviews analyzed thematically |
| Tong et al. (2022) | An Australian-Chinese student's study abroad experience in Hong Kong | 1994 | Ecological systems theory | Interviews and reflective journals; narrative analysis |
| Trevor-Roper (2021) | International academic affiliations | 1979 | Ecological systems theory | Interview-based study |
| Vardanyan et al. (2018) | A Syrian immigrant child's language acquisition and culture adaptation in the United States | 1994 | Bio-ecological theory of child development; ecological theory/model | Ethnography and case study approaches; semi-structured interviews; observations; field notes |
| Winer et al. (2021) | Acculturation experience of children of international migrants | 1979 | Ecological systems theory | Phenomenological approach; implication analysis of children's artwork; observation |
| Xu and Tran (2022) | Chinese international doctoral students' navigation of a disrupted study trajectory during Covid-19 | 2006 | Bioecological systems theory | One-on-one semi-structured interview |
| Xu et al. (2021) | Negative and positive forces that influence students' developmental trajectories during their doctoral education | 2006 | Bioecological systems theory | Volunteer-employed photography |
| Zhang (2018) | Academic advising with international students | 1992 | Ecological model | A phenomenological research design; interview |
*Most recent Bronfenbrenner work cited by the author(s). **Although there is a citation of Bronfenbrenner's work in 2009, the original publication dates back to 1979, so the most recent work cited is Bronfenbrenner's publication in 1993.