Table 1.
Minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 17 antiretrovirals against a set of reference bacterial strains.
| MIC (µg/mL) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solvent |
Escherichia
coli |
Klebsiella
pneumoniae |
Enterococcus
faecalis |
Acinetobacter
baumannii |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Gardenerella vaginalis | Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron |
Prevotella
bivia |
|
| Nuceloside Reverse-Trasncriptase Inhibitors | |||||||||
| Tenofovir disiproxil fumarate (TDF) | H2O | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 |
| Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) | DMSO | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 |
| Abacavir Sulfate (ABC) | H2O | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | 32-128 | >128 | >128 |
| Lamivudine (3TC) | H2O | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 |
| Zidovudine (AZT) | H2O | 1-2 | 0.5-1 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | 8 |
| Emtricitabine (FTC) | H2O | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 |
| Non-Nuceloside Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors | |||||||||
| Efavirenz (EFV) | Methanol | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | 64-128 | >128 | 64 |
| Nevirapina (NVP) | DMSO | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 |
| Rilpivirine (RIL) | H2O | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 |
| Doravirine (DOR) | DMSO | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >32a | >128 |
| Protease Inhibitors | |||||||||
| Darunavir (DRV) | DMSO | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 |
| Atazanavir Sulfate (ATV) | DMSO | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 |
| Integrase strand transfer Inhibitors | |||||||||
| Raltegravir potassium (RAL) | H2O | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 |
| Bictegravir (BIC) | DMSO | 128 | 128 | 64 | >128 | >128 | 128 | >128 | >128 |
| Elvitegravir (EVG) | DMSO | >128 | >128 | 8-16 | >128 | >128 | 16-32 | >128 | 32 |
| Dolutegravir (DTG) | DMSO | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 |
| Booster | |||||||||
| Cobicistat (COB) | DMSO | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 | >128 |
| Antibotics used as positive controls | |||||||||
| Colistin | H2O | 0.25-1 | 0.5-1 | 2-4 | 1-2 | 32 | |||
| Gentamicin | H2O | 8-32 | 32-64 | ||||||
| Clindamycin | H2O | 4-8 | |||||||
| Solventsb
| |||||||||
| DMSO | 12.5% | 12.5% | 12.5% | 6.25% | 12.5% | >25% | 25% | 25% | |
| Methanol | 25% | 25% | 12.5% | 12.5% | 25% | 12.5-25% | 12,5% | 6.25% | |
aHigher ARV concentrations could not be tested due to technical problems. bThe proportion of each solvent for diluting the drugs are presented as volume percent (v/v).
Bold indicates compounds with observed MIC at the given concentration. Solvent used for each antiretroviral and antibiotic used as positive control for each strain are indicated.
Reported values are the range of four replicates (two biological replicates and two technical replicates).