Table 1.
Distribution of maternal characteristics and outcomes by AHCCCS insurance type.
| Participants, No. (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insurance type | ||||
| Characteristics | All women | Pregnancy-related | Continuous | Chi-square |
| N = 58,500 | N = 6,438 | N = 52,062 | p value | |
| Age | <0.0001 | |||
| 18–20 | 3,363 (6) | 677 (11) | 2,686 (5) | |
| 21–29 | 37,344 (64) | 4,016 (62) | 33,328 (64) | |
| 30–39 | 16,469 (28) | 1,608 (25) | 14,861 (29) | |
| 40–49 | 1,324 (2) | 137 (2) | 1,187 (2) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | <0.0001 | |||
| Asian | 1,170 (2) | 126 (2) | 1,044 (2) | |
| Black/African American | 6,677 (11) | 654 (10) | 6,023 (12) | |
| Hispanic | 6,346 (11) | 863 (13) | 5,483 (11) | |
| Native American | 3,206 (6) | 406 (6) | 2,800 (5) | |
| Othera | 2046 (3.5) | 306 (5) | 1,737 (3) | |
| Pacific Islander | 287 (0.5) | 39 (1) | 251 (0.5) | |
| White | 38,768 (66) | 4,044 (63) | 34,724 (66.5) | |
| Citizenship | 0.023 | |||
| US Citizen | 55,581 (95) | 6,076 (94) | 49,505 (95) | |
| Otherb | 2,919 (5) | 358 (6) | 2,561 (5) | |
| Type of residence | 0.313 | |||
| Rural | 6,053 (10) | 646 (10) | 5,407 (10) | |
| Urban | 52,447 (90) | 5,792 (90) | 46,655 (90) | |
| Delivery facility | 0.8238 | |||
| Hospital | 58,417 (99.9) | 6,430 (99.9) | 51,987 (99.9) | |
| Otherc | 83 (0.1) | 8 (0.1) | 75 (0.1) | |
| Prenatal visit | 0.0001 | |||
| Yes | 56,885 (97) | 6,212 (94) | 50,673 (97) | |
| No | 1,615 (3) | 226 (4) | 1,389 (3) | |
| Route of delivery | <0.0001 | |||
| Vaginal delivery | 46,519 (80) | 5,259 (82) | 41,260 (79) | |
| Cesarean section | 11,981 (20) | 1,179 (18) | 10,802 (21) | |
| Complications during/after childbirth | 0.4588 | |||
| Yes | 782 (1) | 93 (1) | 689 (1) | |
| No | 57,811 (99) | 6,438 (99) | 51,373 (99) | |
| Tobacco use | 0.0002 | |||
| Yes | 10,644 (18) | 1,062 (16) | 9,582 (18) | |
| No | 47,856 (82) | 5,376 (84) | 42,480 (82) | |
| Any postpartum visit | <0.0001 | |||
| Yes | 39,628 (68) | 3,871 (60) | 35,757 (69) | |
| No | 18,872 (32) | 2,567 (40) | 16,305 (31) | |
| No. of postpartum visits | <0.0001 | |||
| 0 | 18,872 (32) | 2,567 (40) | 16,305 (31) | |
| 1 | 24,337 (41) | 2,533 (39) | 21,804 (42) | |
| 2 | 9,954 (17) | 910 (14) | 9,044 (17) | |
| 3 | 3,256 (5) | 246 (4) | 3,010 (6) | |
| 4 | 1,096 (2) | 93 (1.4) | 1,003 (2) | |
| 5 | 442 (1) | 51 (1) | 391 (1) | |
| >5 | 543 (1) | 38 (0.6) | 505 (1) | |
aWomen who identified as multiple races or ethnicities. bNon-US citizens or permanent residents. cFacilities different from a hospital, e.g., physicians’ clinics, birthing centers, and residential facilities.