Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the general adult population in NHANES 2001–2018.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 40 557) | Chronic respiratory diseases |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 33 447) | Yes (n = 7110) | |||
| Age, years | <0.01 | |||
| 20-39 | 12 884 (31.77) | 10 654 (35.44) | 2230 (35.43) | |
| 40-59 | 13 281 (32.75) | 11 051 (38.81) | 2230 (35.87) | |
| ≥60 | 14 392 (35.49) | 11 742 (25.75) | 2650 (28.70) | |
| Sex, % | <0.01 | |||
| Female | 20 921 (51.58) | 16 807 (50.93) | 4114 (59.57) | |
| Male | 19 636 (48.42) | 16 640 (49.07) | 2996 (40.43) | |
| Race/ethnicity, % | <0.01 | |||
| Mexican American | 6658 (16.42) | 6001 (8.76) | 657 (4.46) | |
| Other Hispanic | 3385 (8.35) | 2788 (5.34) | 597 (4.97) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 18 345 (45.23) | 14 606 (68.29) | 3739 (73.19) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 8439 (20.81) | 6862 (10.65) | 1577 (11.25) | |
| Other race | 3730 (9.2) | 3190 (6.96) | 540 (6.12) | |
| Education level, % | 0.74 | |||
| Below high school | 10 311 (25.42) | 8594 (15.99) | 1717 (16.43) | |
| High school | 9425 (23.24) | 7750 (23.83) | 1675 (23.98) | |
| Above high school | 20 821 (51.34) | 17 103 (60.17) | 3718 (59.59) | |
| Family PIR, % | <0.01 | |||
| ≤1.0 | 8219 (20.27) | 6521 (13.01) | 1698 (17.18) | |
| 1.1–3.0 | 17 097 (42.16) | 14 032 (35.46) | 3065 (38.11) | |
| >3.0 | 15 241 (37.58) | 12 894 (51.52) | 2347 (44.71) | |
| Smoking status, % | <0.01 | |||
| Never smoker | 22 066 (54.41) | 18 861 (56.31) | 3205 (45.73) | |
| Former smoker | 10 216 (25.19) | 8176 (24.43) | 2040 (28.13) | |
| Current smoker | 8275 (20.4) | 6410 (19.26) | 1865 (26.14) | |
| Drinking status, % | 0.19 | |||
| Nondrinker | 9370 (23.1) | 7789 (18.82) | 1581 (18.74) | |
| Low-to-moderate drinker | 28 020 (69.09) | 23 038 (71.86) | 4982 (72.80) | |
| Heavy drinker | 3167 (7.81) | 2620 (9.32) | 547 (8.46) | |
| Body mass index, % | <0.01 | |||
| <25.0 kg/m2 | 11 674 (28.78) | 9864 (30.91) | 1810 (27.42) | |
| 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 | 13 680 (33.73) | 11 622 (34.26) | 2058 (28.40) | |
| >29.9 kg/m2 | 15 203 (37.49) | 11 961 (34.84) | 3242 (44.18) | |
| Physical activity, % | <0.01 | |||
| Inactive | 10 991 (27.1) | 8877 (21.22) | 2114 (24.93) | |
| Insufficiently active | 14 885 (36.7) | 12 396 (39.79) | 2489 (37.74) | |
| Active | 14 681 (36.2) | 12 174 (38.98) | 2507 (37.34) | |
| Total energy intakes, kcal/day | 0.01 | |||
| Quartile 1 | 10 148 (25.02) | 8212 (21.42) | 1936 (23.65) | |
| Quartile 2 | 10 136 (24.99) | 8351 (24.29) | 1785 (24.34) | |
| Quartile 3 | 10 136 (24.99) | 8472 (26.14) | 1664 (24.76) | |
| Quartile 4 | 10 137 (24.99) | 8412 (28.15) | 1725 (27.26) | |
| Self-reported hypertension, % | <0.01 | |||
| No | 22 955 (56.6) | 19 422 (63.57) | 3533 (55.66) | |
| Yes | 17 602 (43.4) | 14 025 (36.43) | 3577 (44.34) | |
| Self-reported diabetes, % | <0.01 | |||
| No | 35 371 (87.21) | 29 450 (91.33) | 5921 (87.47) | |
| Yes | 5186 (12.79) | 3997 (8.67) | 1189 (12.53) | |
| Supplement use, % | 0.01 | |||
| No | 19 920 (49.12) | 16 618 (46.31) | 3302 (44.19) | |
| Yes | 20 637 (50.88) | 16 829 (53.69) | 3808 (55.81) | |
Abbreviations: PIR, poverty income ratio. Categorical variables are presented as numbers (percentages). Sampling weights were applied for calculation of demographic descriptive statistics; N reflect the study sample while percentages reflect the survey-weighted data