Table 3.
Stratified analyses of the associations between quartiles of composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) in NHANES 2001–2018.
| Subgroups | N | Quartiles of CDAI |
Pinteraction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <-2.26 | [-2.26, −0.37] | [-0.38,1.98] | >1.98 | |||
| Age, years | ||||||
| 20-39 | 12 884 | 1 [Reference] | 0.86 (0.73,1.01) | 0.77 (0.65,0.92) | 0.83 (0.69,0.99) | 0.29 |
| 40-59 | 13 281 | 1 [Reference] | 0.86 (0.72,1.03) | 0.79 (0.65,0.95) | 0.67 (0.55,0.83) | |
| ≥60 | 14 392 | 1 [Reference] | 1.00 (0.85,1.18) | 0.90 (0.73,1.10) | 0.97 (0.79,1.20) | |
| Sex, % | ||||||
| Female | 20 921 | 1 [Reference] | 0.99 (0.84,1.17) | 0.87 (0.73,1.05) | 0.91 (0.75,1.10) | 0.40 |
| Male | 19 636 | 1 [Reference] | 0.86 (0.75,0.97) | 0.79 (0.69,0.89) | 0.75 (0.64,0.86) | |
| Race, % | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 18 345 | 1 [Reference] | 0.93 (0.81,1.07) | 0.84 (0.73,0.97) | 0.82 (0.70,0.96) | 0.77 |
| Other | 22 212 | 1 [Reference] | 0.83 (0.73,0.96) | 0.77 (0.65,0.90) | 0.78 (0.66,0.92) | |
| Family PIR, % | ||||||
| ≤1.0 | 8219 | 1 [Reference] | 0.91 (0.74,1.11) | 0.85 (0.69,1.05) | 0.74 (0.59,0.93) | 0.09 |
| 1.1–3.0 | 17 097 | 1 [Reference] | 0.89 (0.77,1.04) | 0.72 (0.62,0.84) | 0.77 (0.66,0.89) | |
| >3.0 | 15 241 | 1 [Reference] | 0.94 (0.79,1.11) | 0.92 (0.78,1.09) | 0.89 (0.73,1.10) | |
| Smoking status, % | ||||||
| Never smoker | 22 066 | 1 [Reference] | 0.90 (0.78,1.05) | 0.84 (0.72,0.97) | 0.90 (0.76,1.06) | |
| Former smoker | 10 216 | 1 [Reference] | 0.92 (0.76,1.10) | 0.81 (0.65,1.02) | 0.74 (0.59,0.92) | 0.32 |
| Current smoker | 8275 | 1 [Reference] | 0.92 (0.76,1.13) | 0.84 (0.69,1.03) | 0.74 (0.59,0.92) | |
| Drinking status, % | ||||||
| Nondrinker | 9370 | 1 [Reference] | 1.03 (0.83,1.29) | 0.99 (0.77,1.26) | 0.88 (0.69,1.12) | |
| Low-to-moderate drinker | 28 020 | 1 [Reference] | 0.87 (0.76,0.98) | 0.75 (0.66,0.86) | 0.76 (0.65,0.88) | 0.43 |
| Heavy drinker | 3167 | 1 [Reference] | 0.92 (0.65,1.29) | 1.03 (0.71,1.50) | 1.06 (0.70,1.61) | |
| Physical activity, % | ||||||
| Inactive | 10 991 | 1 [Reference] | 0.98 (0.82,1.17) | 0.80 (0.65,0.99) | 0.96 (0.78,1.19) | |
| Insufficiently active | 14 885 | 1 [Reference] | 0.87 (0.75,1.02) | 0.79 (0.68,0.92) | 0.73 (0.62,0.86) | 0.65 |
| Active | 14 681 | 1 [Reference] | 0.90 (0.73,1.10) | 0.85 (0.70,1.03) | 0.81 (0.65,1.01) | |
| Body mass index, % | ||||||
| <25.0 kg/m2 | 11 674 | 1 [Reference] | 0.96 (0.77,1.20) | 0.90 (0.75,1.08) | 0.82 (0.66,1.01) | |
| 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 | 13 680 | 1 [Reference] | 0.95 (0.79,1.14) | 0.82 (0.67,1.00) | 0.81 (0.66,0.99) | 0.80 |
| >29.9 kg/m2 | 15 203 | 1 [Reference] | 0.86 (0.74,0.99) | 0.78 (0.67,0.92) | 0.82 (0.69,0.97) | |
| Supplement use, % | ||||||
| No | 19 920 | 1 [Reference] | 0.88 (0.76,1.01) | 0.80 (0.70,0.92) | 0.77 (0.64,0.93) | 0.99 |
| Yes | 20 637 | 1 [Reference] | 0.93 (0.82,1.06) | 0.84 (0.72,0.98) | 0.85 (0.72,0.99) | |
Analyses were adjusted for covariates age (20–39, 40–59, or ≥60), sex (male or female), race (Mexican American, Other Hispanic, Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black or Other), education level (below high school, high school, or above high school), family income-to-poverty ratio (≤1.0, 1.1–3.0, or >3.0), smoking status (never smoker, former smoker, or current smoker), drinking status (nondrinker, low-to-moderate drinker, or heavy drinker), BMI (<25.0, 25.0–29.9, or >29.9), energy intake levels (in quartiles), physical activity (inactive, insufficiently active, or active), diabetes (yes or no), hypertension (yes or no), and supplement use (yes or no) when they were not the strata variables