Table 2.

Risk of Bias and Quality Assessment of Randomized Controlled Trial

Item	Gürcan and Atay Turan38	Khademi et al.22	Yes/no/unclear/not applicable
			Choi et al.20	Czamanski-Cohen et al.39	Stinley et al.19	Schrade et al.40
1. Was true randomization used for assignment of participants to treatment groups?	Unclear	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Unclear
2. Was allocation to treatment groups concealed?	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear
3. Were treatment groups similar at the baseline?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Yes
4. Were participants blind to treatment assignment?	No	No	No	No	No	No
5. Were those delivering treatment blind to treatment assignment?	No	No	No	No	No	No
6. Were outcomes assessors blind to treatment assignment?	No	Unclear	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear
7. Were treatment groups treated identically other than the intervention of interest?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Yes	Yes
8. Was follow-up complete and if not, were differences between groups in terms of their follow-up adequately described and analyzed?	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
9. Were participants analyzed in the groups to which they were randomized?	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No
10. Were outcomes measured in the same way for treatment groups?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
11. Were outcomes measured in a reliable way?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
12. Was appropriate statistical analysis used?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
13. Was the trial design appropriate, and any deviations from the standard RCT design (individual randomization, parallel groups) accounted for in the conduct and analysis of the trial?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

RCT, randomized controlled trial.