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. 2024 Jan 22;16:16. doi: 10.1186/s13195-023-01379-3

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — MetRS stratifies the risk of dementia onset. A–C Observed event rate for incident ACD, AD and VaD, plotted against MetRS percentiles over the entire study population. Blue dots represent males and red dots represent females. The size of each dot is proportional to age. D–F Cumulative risk over the observation time for incident ACD, AD and VaD, stratified by MetRS tertiles (light blue, bottom tertile; blue, median tertile; dark blue, top tertile). The shaded area indicates the 95% CI of the survival curves. G Regression results of MetRS and dementia outcomes in all participants and subgroups. Model 1, MetRS; Model2, MetRS + demographic indicators; Model 3, MetRS + demographic indicators + cognitive indicators. Abbreviations: ACD, all-cause dementia; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; VaD, vascular dementia