Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and distribution of the MetRS stratified by dementia status
| Characteristics | Overall | Control | Incident dementia | Incident AD | Incident VaD | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 274,160 | N = 268,886 | N = 5274 | P | N = 2346 | P | N = 1221 | P | |
| Age, year | 58.00 [50.00, 63.00] | 58.00 [50.00, 63.00] | 65.00 [62.00, 68.00] | < 0.001 | 66.00 [63.00, 68.00] | < 0.001 | 66.00 [63.00, 68.00] | < 0.001 |
| Female | 147,969 (54.0) | 145,485 (54.1) | 2484 (47.1) | < 0.001 | 1224 (52.2) | 0.064 | 480 (39.3) | < 0.001 |
| White ethnicity | 259,499 (95.1) | 254,429 (95.0) | 5070 (96.7) | < 0.001 | 2259 (96.9) | < 0.001 | 1182 (97.0) | 0.008 |
| Education, year | 4.00 [3.00, 8.00] | 4.00 [3.00, 8.00] | 3.00 [2.00, 7.00] | < 0.001 | 3.00 [2.00, 7.00] | < 0.001 | 3.00 [2.00, 7.00] | < 0.001 |
| APOE ε4, single-copy carriers | 71,153 (26.2) | 68,922 (25.8) | 2231 (42.6) | < 0.001 | 1098 (47.3) | < 0.001 | 490 (40.4) | < 0.001 |
| APOE ε4, double-copies carriers | 6529 (2.4) | 5984 (2.2) | 545 (10.4) | < 0.001 | 322 (13.9) | < 0.001 | 113 (9.3) | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index, Kg/m2 | 26.77 [24.17, 29.92] | 26.76 [24.17, 29.91] | 27.18 [24.52, 30.45] | < 0.001 | 26.99 [24.36, 30.00] | 0.153 | 27.96 [25.19, 31.48] | < 0.001 |
| Current smoker | 28,853 (10.6) | 28,320 (10.6) | 533 (10.2) | 0.386 | 201 (8.7) | 0.003 | 142 (11.7) | 0.214 |
| Pairs matching time, second | 188.50 [148.50, 244.50] | 188.00 [148.50, 243.50] | 226.50 [169.00, 314.50] | < 0.001 | 231.00 [172.50, 319.00] | < 0.001 | 229.50 [171.50, 325.00] | < 0.001 |
| Reaction time, million second | 538.00 [481.00, 610.00] | 536.00 [480.00, 610.00] | 586.00 [520.00, 672.00] | < 0.001 | 583.00 [520.00, 668.00] | < 0.001 | 597.00 [532.00, 686.25] | < 0.001 |
| Standardized MetRS (ACD) | − 0.18 [− 0.71, 0.39] | − 0.18 [− 0.71, 0.38] | 0.18 [− 0.30, 1.09] | < 0.001 | 0.14 [− 0.33, 0.99] | < 0.001 | 0.44 [− 0.19, 1.46] | < 0.001 |
| Standardized MetRS (AD) | − 0.18 [− 0.63, 0.45] | − 0.19 [− 0.63, 0.45] | 0.22 [− 0.35, 0.91] | < 0.001 | 0.21 [− 0.37, 0.87] | < 0.001 | 0.36 [− 0.28, 1.15] | < 0.001 |
| Standardized MetRS (VaD) | − 0.32 [− 0.55, 0.25] | − 0.32 [− 0.55, 0.24] | 0.05 [− 0.44, 0.84] | < 0.001 | − 0.03 [− 0.46, 0.70] | < 0.001 | 0.27 [− 0.33, 1.16] | < 0.001 |
| Selected metabolites | ||||||||
| His, mmol/L | 0.06 [0.06, 0.07] | 0.06 [0.06, 0.07] | 0.06 [0.06, 0.07] | < 0.001 | 0.06 [0.06, 0.07] | < 0.001 | 0.06 [0.06, 0.07] | < 0.001 |
| Leu, mmol/L | 0.10 [0.08, 0.12] | 0.10 [0.08, 0.12] | 0.10 [0.08, 0.12] | < 0.001 | 0.10 [0.08, 0.12] | < 0.001 | 0.10 [0.08, 0.12] | 0.808 |
| Total BCAA, mmol/L | 0.35 [0.31, 0.41] | 0.35 [0.31, 0.41] | 0.35 [0.30, 0.41] | < 0.001 | 0.34 [0.30, 0.40] | < 0.001 | 0.36 [0.30, 0.42] | 0.261 |
| Val, mmol/L | 0.21 [0.18, 0.23] | 0.21 [0.18, 0.23] | 0.20 [0.18, 0.23] | < 0.001 | 0.20 [0.18, 0.23] | < 0.001 | 0.21 [0.18, 0.24] | 0.142 |
| LA% | 29.10 [26.74, 31.24] | 29.12 [26.76, 31.25] | 28.06 [25.72, 30.38] | < 0.001 | 28.26 [26.12, 30.46] | < 0.001 | 27.34 [24.90, 29.70] | < 0.001 |
| Omega-6/Omega-3 | 9.01 [7.16, 11.48] | 9.02 [7.16, 11.49] | 8.62 [6.85, 10.91] | < 0.001 | 8.54 [6.84, 10.66] | < 0.001 | 8.47 [6.71, 10.67] | < 0.001 |
| LA, mmol/L | 3.42 [2.99, 3.88] | 3.42 [2.99, 3.88] | 3.28 [2.79, 3.80] | < 0.001 | 3.34 [2.85, 3.85] | < 0.001 | 3.18 [2.70, 3.71] | < 0.001 |
| Glu, mmol/L | 3.56 [3.12, 4.04] | 3.56 [3.11, 4.03] | 3.73 [3.26, 4.30] | < 0.001 | 3.70 [3.26, 4.27] | < 0.001 | 3.81 [3.32, 4.45] | < 0.001 |
| IDL-C, mmol/L | 0.83 [0.69, 0.98] | 0.83 [0.69, 0.98] | 0.79 [0.62, 0.96] | < 0.001 | 0.83 [0.64, 0.99] | 0.003 | 0.73 [0.58, 0.92] | < 0.001 |
| IDL-P, mmol/L | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | < 0.001 | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.003 | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | < 0.001 |
| SM, mmol/L | 0.45 [0.40, 0.50] | 0.45 [0.40, 0.50] | 0.44 [0.38, 0.50] | < 0.001 | 0.45 [0.39, 0.51] | 0.41 | 0.42 [0.37, 0.48] | < 0.001 |
| IDL-CE% | 50.30 [48.64, 51.66] | 50.31 [48.66, 51.67] | 49.62 [47.70, 51.21] | < 0.001 | 49.82 [48.14, 51.35] | < 0.001 | 49.14 [47.11, 50.84] | < 0.001 |
| IDL-FC% | 17.81 [17.07, 18.47] | 17.81 [17.07, 18.47] | 17.77 [16.96, 18.46] | 0.002 | 17.83 [17.02, 18.55] | 0.62 | 17.71 [16.80, 18.43] | < 0.001 |
| L-HDL-TG% | 4.78 [3.37, 6.94] | 4.77 [3.37, 6.94] | 5.07 [3.55, 7.29] | < 0.001 | 4.96 [3.48, 7.16] | 0.001 | 5.42 [3.68, 7.72] | < 0.001 |
| S-LDL-CE% | 45.90 [44.55, 47.20] | 45.90 [44.55, 47.20] | 45.62 [44.28, 46.98] | < 0.001 | 45.70 [44.32, 47.01] | < 0.001 | 45.50 [44.17, 46.84] | < 0.001 |
| S-LDL-C% | 63.50 [62.18, 64.57] | 63.51 [62.20, 64.58] | 63.00 [61.48, 64.25] | < 0.001 | 63.19 [61.76, 64.38] | < 0.001 | 62.60 [60.99, 64.02] | < 0.001 |
| S-LDL-PL% | 31.19 [30.12, 32.33] | 31.18 [30.12, 32.32] | 31.41 [30.34, 32.54] | < 0.001 | 31.37 [30.30, 32.48] | < 0.001 | 31.48 [30.39, 32.59] | < 0.001 |
Values are reported as median [interquartile range] for continuous variables or numbers (percentage) for categorical variables. P-values are derived using either Student’s t-test or chi-square test. Metabolites selected from three dementia type models were shown here, see all 249 metabolites baseline characters in Table S2
Abbreviations: His, histidine; Leu, leucine; BCAA, branched-chain amino acids; Val, valine; LA, linoleic acid; Glu, glucose; SM, sphingomyelins; C, cholesterol; CE, cholesteryl esters; FC, free cholesterol; P, particles; PL, phospholipids; TG, triglycerides