TABLE 2.

Bundle Components to Be Administered in Bundle Groups and Management in the Control Groups of the 17 Studies

References	Overall Bundle Time	Bundle Group
		Reported Time Zero	Laboratory Data		Antibiotics
			Lactate	Blood Culture	Timing	Type
Austrian et al (32)	NS	NR	Yes	Yes	NS	Appropriate
Bhat et al (33)	1 hr	Sepsis diagnosis	Yes, ≤ 1 hr	Yes, ≤ 1 hr	≤ 1 hr	NS
Bruce et al (34)	3 hr	Sepsis diagnosis	Yes	Yes	NS	BS
De Miguel-Yanes et al (35)	3 hr	Sepsis diagnosis	Yes	Yes	≤ 3 hr	NS
Ferreras Amez et al (36)	3 hr	ED arrival	Yes	Yes	≤ 1 hr	NS
Gao et al (37)	6 hr	Sepsis criteria meta	—	Yes	≤ 1 hr	NS
Gatewood et al (38)	3 hr	ED triage	Yes	Yes	≤ 3 hr	NS
Hayden et al (39)	NS	ED arrival	Yes	Yes	NS	BS
Kumar et al (40)	1 hr	Initial nursing assessment	Yes, ≤ 1 hr	Yes, ≤ 1 hr	≤ 1 hr	NS
Leisman et al (41) (2012)b	3 hr	Sepsis criteria metc	Yes	Yes	≤ 3 hr	BS
Leisman et al (41) 2014b	3 hr	Sepsis criteria metc	Yes	Yes	≤ 3 hr	BS
Leisman et al (41) 2015b	3 hr	Sepsis criteria metc	Yes	Yes	≤ 3 hr	BS
Liu et al (42)	3 hr	Initial lactate test results obtained	Yesd	NS	≤ 3 hr	NS
Prasad et al (43)	3 hr	Sepsis criteria mete	Yes	Yes	≤ 3 hr in ED; ≤ 1 hr inpatient	NS
Ruangchan et al (44)	NS	Sepsis diagnosis	—	Yes	≤ 1 hr	Empiric
Teles et al (45)	3 hr	Sepsis diagnosis	Yes	Yes	≤ 1 hr	BS
Tse et al (46)	NS	ED registration	Yes	Yes	≤ 1 hr	NS

BS = broad-spectrum antibiotics, ED = emergency department, lactate = initial lactate, NR = not reported, NS = not stated, VP/I = vasopressor and/or inotrope for persistent hypotension.

^aAll the following fulfilled: signs and symptoms of infection, documented source of infection, and ≥1 organ dysfunction.

^bSee text for description of these three cohorts.

^cTime of laboratory result or time of vital sign measurement causing the patient to meet sepsis criteria.

^dObtained second lactate value.

^eTime at which two systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria and one sign of organ failure in the presence of known or suspected infection met.