TABLE 2.

Subgroup analyses regions, published years and respondents.

Subgroups	Studies	Sample	Prevalence	95% CI	I 2	p Value
Regions
Asia	10	829,692	20%	9%–34%	99.87%	<0.001
North America	3	6648	15%	11%–21%	96.17%	<0.001
Europe	2	15,977	7%	6%–7%	0	<0.001
Published years
2001–2010	6	829,139	20%	9%–34%	99.75%	<0.001
2011–2020	9	23,178	17%	7%–29%	99.85%	<0.001
Respondents
New nurses	3	3228	20%	3%–47%	99.62%	<0.001
All nurses	12	849,089	18%	10%–26%	99.88%	<0.001