Table 1.
Detection Limits, Detection Frequency, and Concentrations of PFAS in Dog and Horse Seruma
| PFAS |
LOD (ng/mL) |
detection frequency (% >LOD) |
concentration (ng/mL, GM and range) |
detection frequency (% >LOD) |
concentration (ng/mL, GM and range) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dog (n = 31) | horse (n = 32) | dog (n = 31) | horse (n = 32) | dog bottle (n = 17) | dog well (n = 14) | dog bottle (n = 17) | dogwell (n = 14) | ||
| PFCA | |||||||||
| PFPeA | 0.03 | 0 | 3 | <LOD | <LOD (<LOD-0.05) | 0 | 0 | <LOD | <LOD |
| PFHxA | 0.03 | 94c | 31 | 0.064 (0.02–0.34) | 0.02 (<LOD-0.05) | 100 | 86 | 0.07 (0.03–0.34) | 0.05 (0.02–0.21) |
| PFHpA | 0.03 | 97 | 97 | 0.097 (<LOD-0.13) | 0.09 (0.02–0.11) | 94 | 100 | 0.10 (<LOD-0.13) | 0.10 (0.09–0.11) |
| PFOA | 0.01 | 100 | 97 | 0.37 (0.09–2.63) | 0.10(0.01–0.13) | 100 | 100 | 0.43 (0.09–2.63) | 0.28 (0.11–0.55) |
| PFNA | 0.01 | 100 | 91 | 0.28 (0.10–0.64) | 0.09 (<LOD-0.16) | 100 | 100 | 0.29 (0.10–0.40) | 0.27 (0.12–0.56) |
| PFDA | 0.01 | 100 | 97 | 0.21 (0.10–0.57) | 0.25 (0.01–0.88) | 100 | 100 | 0.20 (0.10–0.40) | 0.22 (0.13–0.57) |
| PFUnDA | 0.04 | 100 | 97 | 0.15 (0.08–0.42) | 0.17 (0.03–0.36) | 100 | 100 | 0.13 (0.08–0.21) | 0.17 (0.09–0.42) |
| PFDoDA | 0.05 | 42 | 84c | 0.07 (0.04–0.16) | 0.12 (0.04–0.23) | 35 | 50 | 0.06 (0.04–0.15) | 0.08 (0.04–0.16) |
| PFSA | |||||||||
| PFBS | 0.01 | 100 | 97 | 0.30 (0.12–2.08) | 0.13 (0.01–0.24) | 100 | 100 | 0.28 (0.12–2.08) | 0.31 (0.15–1.88) |
| PFPeS | 0.02 | 100a | 84 | 0.14 (0.11–0.25) | 0.10 (<LOD-0.18) | 100 | 100 | 0.13 (0.11–0.17) | 0.16 (0.12–0.25) |
| PFHxS | 0.06 | 77c | 0 | 1.43 (0.04–80.55) | <LOD | 65 | 93 | 0.54 (0.04–4.01) | 3.26 (0.04–80.55) |
| PFHpS | 0.03 | 100 | 97 | 0.23 (0.06–0.83) | 0.09 (0.02–0.27) | 100 | 100 | 0.13 (0.06–0.33) | 0.36 (0.08–0.83) |
| PFOS | 0.77 | 87b | 50 | 2.88 (0.54–17.60) | 1.82 (0.54–11.77) | 82 | 93 | 1.74 (0.54–8.78) | 4.93 (0.54–17.60) |
| PFEA | |||||||||
| PMPA | 0.01 | 55 | 38 | 0.06 (<LOD-0.16) | 0.04 (<LOD-0.11) | 47 | 64 | 0.06 (<LOD-0.16) | 0.07 (<LOD-0.13 |
| PEPA | 0.02 | 100 | 89 | 0.10 (0.08–0.14) | 0.07 (<LOD-0.11) | 100 | 100 | 0.09 (0.08–0.14) | 0.10 (0.08–0.14) |
| HFPO-DA | 0.01 | 0 | 6 | <LOD | 0.11 (<LOD-3.25) | 0 | 0 | <LOD | <LOD |
| PFO2HxA | 0.05 | 94 | 97 | 0.10 (<LOD-0.15) | 0.10 (0.04–0.16) | 88 | 100 | 0.10 (<LOD-0.15) | 0.11 (0.06–0.15) |
| PFO5DoDA | 0.1 | 0 | 3 | <LOD | 0.02 (<LOD-0.49) | 0 | 0 | <LOD | <LOD |
| NVHOS | 0.1 | 3 | 0 | 0.007 (<LOD-0.25) | <LOD | 0 | 7 | <LOD | 0.02 (<LOD-0.25) |
| NBP2 | 0.01 | 65 | 63 | 0.12 (ND-0.26) | 0.57 (ND-2.38) | 59 | 71 | 0.11 (<LOD-0.24) | 0.13 (<LOD-0.26) |
| Totals | |||||||||
| ΣPFAS | 6.93 (1.74–101.90) | 3.75 (1.52–14.02) | 4.41 (1.74–13.50) | 11.61 (2.58–101.90) | |||||
| ΣPFEAs | 0.39 (0.09–0.61) | 0.78 (0.14–2.63) | 0.36 (0.09–0.61) | 0.43 (0.29–0.61) | |||||
| ΣPFSAs | 5.03 (0.91–99.33) | 2.13 (0.75–12.19) | 2.79 (0.91–10.49) | 9.59 (1.25–99.3) | |||||
| ΣPFCAs | 1.23 (0.54–3.62) | 0.84 (0.11–1.60) | 1.28 (0.54–3.62) | 1.16 (0.80–2.08) | |||||
a
Letters indicate statistical differences in detection frequencies across species based on Fisher’s exact test. a = p ≤ 0.05. b = p ≤ 0.01. c = p ≤ 0.001.
Abbreviations: GM, geometric mean; LOD, limit of detection; PFCA, perfluorocarboxylic acid; PFSA, perfluorosulfonic acid; PFEA, perfluoroalkyl ether acid.