Table 2. Multivariate analysis of the relationship between health literacy and diabetic retinopathy adjusted for clinically relevant covariates.
| Dependent variable | Independent variable | Prevalence ratio* | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetic retinopathy | HL class. (ref=Adequate) | 2.04 (1.22-3.42) | 0.0069 |
| Diabetic retinopathy | HL class. (ref=Adequate) | 2.07 (1.25-3.42) | 0.0049 |
| HbA1c >7% (53 mmol/mol) | 1.92 (1.04-3.54) | 0.0373 | |
| High LDL-C | 0.94 (0.49-1.79) | 0.8400 | |
| High SBP or DBP | 0.76 (0.45-1.28) | 0.3005 | |
| Diabetic retinopathy | HL class. (ref=Adequate) | 2.05 (1.23-3.42) | 0.0058 |
| HbA1c >7% (53 mmol/mol) | 1.95 (1.05-3.60) | 0.0340 | |
| Diabetic retinopathy | HL class. (ref=Adequate) | 2.03 (1.21-3.41) | 0.0076 |
| High LDL-C | 0.92 (0.50-1.70) | 0.7967 | |
| Diabetic retinopathy | HL class. (ref=Adequate) | 2.06 (1.23-3.45) | 0.0058 |
| High SBP or DBP | 0.73 (0.43-1.23) | 0.2391 |
*The probability of having some degree of diabetic retinopathy was estimated. HL class.: health literacy classification; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; class: classification. P-values in bold indicate statistically significant.