Table 3.
Intakes of 24 food parameters according to E-DII tertiles.
| Food parameter | Tertile of E-DII |
Statistical (F/ H) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
T1
(≤−0.26) Mean ± SD (−0.97 ± 0.834) n = 41 n (%)/ Mean ± SD/ Median (IQR) |
T2
(−0.27 −1.36) Mean ± SD (0.85 ± 0.326) n = 42 n (%)/ Mean ± SD/ Median (IQR) |
T3
(≥1.37) Mean ± SD (2.15 ± 0.584) n = 41 n (%)/ Mean ± SD/ Median (IQR) |
|||
| DII a | −0.29 (-1.12, 0.64) | 1.24 (0.71, 1.60) | 2.13 (1.62, 2.63) | 73.054 | <0.001*** |
| Energyb | 1902 ± 456.1 | 1871 ± 554.1 | 1850 ± 443.2 | 0.117 | 0.89 |
| Proteinb | 81.6 ± 22.09 | 71.5 ± 26.21 | 70.8 ± 23.87 | 2.586 | 0.08 |
| Carbohydrateb | 261.6 ± 68.86 | 255.8 ± 76.13 | 231.1 ± 62.45 | 2.238 | 0.111 |
| Total Fata | 57.5 (46.2, 68.9) | 59.0 (47.3, 79.1) | 69.8 (56.7, 83.1) | 7.447 | 0.024* |
| SFAb | 21.0 ± 6.63 | 24.0 ± 9.45 | 27.5 ± 7.03 | 6.932 | 0.001* |
| MUFAb | 24.0 ± 8.70 | 24.9 ± 8.44 | 28.4 ± 7.07 | 3.325 | 0.039* |
| PUFAa | 11.9 (9.2, 14.6) | 11.8 (9.4, 15.8) | 11.7 (9.8, 14.9) | 0.024 | 0.988 |
| Cholesterola | 292.5 (206.3, 455.6) | 251.5 (188.8, 350.4) | 302.1 (190.6, 416.3) | 1.72 | 0.423 |
| Vitamin Aa | 876.71 (616.42, 1119.63) | 610.89 (496.35, 786.04) | 432.27 (362.17, 588.80) | 33.416 | <0.001*** |
| B-carotenea | 3328.35 (2515.61, 4639.54) | 2037.39 (1399.82, 2884.69) | 1511.64 (1143.44, 1713.12) | 47.621 | <0.001*** |
| Vitamin Ca | 271.00 (213.31, 350.34) | 157.02 (109.17, 188.38) | 98.80 (85.37, 151.88) | 53.689 | <0.001*** |
| Irona | 16.49 (13.08, 21.01) | 15.24 (10.91, 18.64) | 13.40 (10.48, 17.41) | 8.972 | 0.011* |
| Thiamineb | 1.49 ± 0.532 | 1.23 ± 0.485 | 1.01 ± 0.409 | 10.199 | <0.001*** |
| Riboflavinb | 2.01 ± 0.701 | 1.67 ± 0.702 | 1.47 ± 0.643 | 6.574 | 0.002** |
| Niacinb | 15.26 ± 5.258 | 12.79 ± 5.581 | 11.85 ± 4.127 | 5.014 | 0.008** |
| Vitamin B6a | 2.15 (1.74, 2.70) | 1.64 (1.29, 2.31) | 1.68 (1.21, 2.06) | 15.597 | <0.001*** |
| Folic acida | 298.29 (223.91, 402.67) | 241.62 (179.61, 310.41) | 176.23 (136.97, 260.40) | 16.433 | <0.001*** |
| Vitamin B12a | 5.35 (3.08, 7.88) | 3.78 (2.30, 6.71) | 4.06 (2.56, 5.31) | 4.801 | 0.091 |
| Zinca | 10.59 (8.15, 15.30) | 8.56 (6.91, 12.02) | 8.38 (6.05, 9.69) | 13.533 | 0.001** |
| Magnesiumb | 324.42 ± 84.678 | 257.18 ± 86.000 | 224.93 ± 71.555 | 16.093 | <0.001*** |
| Seleniuma | 126.74 (92.80, 181.04) | 104.63 (84.09, 147.76) | 110.48 (74.90, 138.58) | 7.354 | 0.025* |
| Fibera | 13.9 (8.2, 19.8) | 9.0 (6.1, 12.9) | 6.0 (4.9, 8.6) | 31.512 | <0.001*** |
| Caffeinea | 27.26 (0.51, 80.35) | 80.35 (20.45, 140.74) | 47.73 (11.84, 114.76) | 7.899 | 0.019* |
| Alcohola | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 4.695 | 0.096 |
a
Kruskal-Wallis test; bOne way ANOVA.
*
p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.