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. 2024 Jan 8;13:1165323. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1165323

Table 3.

Association between food groups and acute leukemia.

Food group (servings/day) (Ca/Co) OR (95% CI) a P-trend OR (95% CI) b P-trend OR (95% CI) c P-trend
High-fat dairy products
 <0.5716 (23/83) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 <0.5716-<1.2143 (30/81) 1.34 (0.72, 2.49) <0.001 1.34 (0.69, 2.60) <0.001 1.35 (0.70, 2.60) <0.001
 ≥1.2143 (56/87) 2.32 (1.31, 4.11) 2.29 (1.25, 4.21) 2.37 (1.30, 4.34)
Dairy with added sugar
 <0.1593 (47/88) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 ≥0.1593 - <0.4944 (23/76) 0.57 (0.32, 1.02) 0.786 0.49 (0.26, 0.91) 0.417 0.50 (0.27, 0.94) 0.441
 ≥0.4944 (39/87) 0.84 (0.50, 1.41) 0.76 (0.43, 1.34) 0.77 (0.44, 1.33)
Citrus fruits
 <0.533 (39/84) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 ≥0.533, < 1.0546 (46/83) 0.40 (0.22, 0.73) 0.366 0.44 (0.24, 0.82) 0.237 0.43 (0.23, 0.81) 0.217
 ≥1.0546 (24/85) 0.61 (0.36, 1.04) 0.58 (0.32, 1.01) 0.56 (0.32, 0.98)
Other fruits
 < 1.000625 (46/85) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 ≥ 1.000625- <1.980433 (39/82) 1.07 (0.59, 1.94) 0.262 1.21 (0.50, 2.10) 0.139 1.17 (0.67, 2.03) 0.14
 ≥1.980433 (24/85) 0.62 (0.34, 1.13) 0.57 (0.31, 1.06) 0.57 (0.31, 1.06)
Egg
 <0.2858 (18/48) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 ≥0.2858-<0.8572 (27/76) 0.95 (0.47, 1.90) 0.956 1.01 (0.48, 2.13) 0.932 1.00 (0.48, 2.09) 0.958
 ≥0.8572 (62/123) 1.34 (0.72, 2.50) 1.48 (0.76, 2.87) 1.46 (0.76, 2.81)
Poultry
 ≤0.4286 (30/76) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 <0.4286-≤0.7857 (66/154) 1.09 (0.65, 1.81) 0.327 1.08 (0.62, 1.87) 0.728 1.10 (0.64, 1.89) 0.684
 >0.7857 (13/22) 1.50 (0.67, 3.35) 1.37 (0.58, 3.25) 1.40 (0.60, 3.27)
Processed meats
 <0.3516 (31/83) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 ≥0.3516 -<0.8515 (44/84) 1.40 (0.81, 2.43) 0.826 1.33 (0.74, 2.38) 0.715 1.37 (0.77, 2.44) 0.719
 ≥0.8515 (34/85) 1.07 (0.60, 1.90) 1.06 (0.58, 1.94) 1.05 (0.58, 1.92)
Red meat
 <0.296 (31/83) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 ≥0.296 -<0.5715 (31/80) 1.04 (0.58, 1.86) 0.336 1.27 (0.68, 2.37) 0.225 1.20 (0.65, 2.24) 0.205
 ≥0.5715 (47/88) 1.43 (0.83, 2.46) 1.51 (0.84, 2.70) 1.48 (0.83, 2.64)
Fish and shellfish
 <0.1429 (41/79) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 ≥0.1429 -<0.2909 (39/88) 0.85 (0.50, 1.46) 0.069 0.91 (0.52, 1.60) 0.059 0.91 (0.52, 1.59) 0.073
 ≥0.2909 (29/85) 0.66 (0.37, 1.16) 0.58 (0.31, 1.07) 0.62 (0.34, 1.14)
Rich in saturated fats
 <0.4945 (62/79) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 ≥0.4945-<0.9394 (23/88) 0.33 (0.19, 0.59) 0.062 0.36 (0.20, 0.65) 0.151 0.35 (0.19, 0.63) 0.123
 ≥0.9394 (23/84) 0.35 (0.20, 0.62) 0.39 (0.21, 0.72) 0.38 (0.20, 0.69)
Cruciferous vegetables
 <0.1316 (31/74) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 ≥0.1316 - 0.4286 (33/84) 0.94 (0.52, 1.68) 0.828 1.02 (0.54, 1.93) 0.850 1.07 (0.58, 1.97) 0.820
 ≥0.4286 (45/94) 1.14 (0.66, 1.98) 1.10 (0.61, 1.99) 1.11 (0.62, 1.98)
Allium vegetables
 <0.7857 (57/53) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 ≥0.7857 -<1 (17/102) 0.54 (0.25, 1.20) 0.004 0.15 (0.08, 0.30) <0.001 0.15 (0.08, 0.30) <0.001
 ≥1 (34/97) 0.26 (0.15, 0.46) 0.27 (0.15, 0.49) 0.26 (0.14, 0.46)
Green leafy vegetables
 <0.3403 (37/82) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 ≥0.3403 -<0.7144001 (49/86) 1.27 (0.75, 2.13) 0.047 1.38 (0.78, 2.44) 0.042 1.30 (0.74, 2.28) 0.037
 ≥0.7144001 (23/84) 0.61 (0.33, 1.11) 0.58 (0.30, 1.10) 0.57 (0.30, 1.08)
Other vegetables
 < 1.84478 (47/84) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 ≥ 1.84478-<2.679343 (19/83) 0.41 (0.22, 0.76) 0.357 0.47 (0.35, 0.90) 0.415 0.46 (0.24, 0.86) 0.523
 ≥2.679343 (42/84) 0.89 (0.53, 1.49) 0.89 (0.51, 1.54) 0.85 (0.50,1.47)
Corn
 <0.1429 (66/112) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 ≥0.1429-<0.4286 (30/74) 0.69 (0.41, 1.16) 0.01 0.75 (0.43, 1.30) 0.012 0.73 (0.42, 1.27) 0.014
 ≥0.4286 (13/66) 0.33 (0.17, 0.65) 0.31 (0.15, 0.62) 0.32 (0.16, 0.64)
Root vegetables
 <0.3516 (33/84) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 ≥0.3516 -<0.8572 (27/53) 1.30 (0.70, 2.40) 0.603 1.10 (0.56, 2.14) 0.500 1.12 (0.58, 2.17) 0.592
 ≥0.8572 (48/115) 1.06 (0.63, 1. 80) 1.07 (0.62, 1. 86) 1.10 (0.63, 1.90)
Legumes
 <0.1429 (38/74) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 ≥0.1429 -<0.3516 (40/91) 1.57 (0.55, 4.50) 0.102 0.94 (0.53, 1.68) 0.373 0.97 (0.55, 1.72) 0.323
 ≥0.3516 (31/87) 1.16 (0.44, 3.06) 0.79 (0.43, 1.43) 0.76 (0.42, 1.37)
Canned chili peppers
 ≤0.0164 (29/68) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 >0.0164-<0.1429 (34/50) 1.59 (0.86, 2.95) 0.303 1.77 (0.91, 3.44) 0.300 1.60 (0.83, 3.08) 0.261
 ≥0.1429 (46/134) 0.81 (0.46, 1.39) 0.78 (0.44, 1.41) 0.74 (0.41, 1.33)
Corn tortilla
 <3 (22/57) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 ≥3-<5 (33/91) 0.94 (0.50, 1. 77) 0.391 0.96 (0.49, 1.89) 0.925 0.90 (0.46, 1.76) 0.894
 ≥5 (54/99) 1.41 (0.78, 2.56) 1.32 (0.70, 2.51) 1.24 (0.65, 2.37)
Cereals
 <1.7144 (54/81) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 ≥1.7144-<2.5 (22/78) 0.42 (0.24, 0.76) 0.431 0.52 (0.28, 0.96) 0.348 0.48 (0.25, 0.86) 0.253
 ≥2.5 (31/84) 0.55 (0.32, 0.95) 0.53 (0.30, 0.94) 0.50 (0.28, 0.89)
Cereals high in fat and sugar
 <0.4286 (34/78) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 ≥0.4286-<0.6373 (36/82) 1.01 (0.57, 1.77) 0.330 0.81 (0.44, 1.48) 0.958 0.86 (0.45, 1.48) 0.889
 ≥0.6373 (39/91) 0.78 (0.57, 1.70) 0.75 (0.42, 1.35) 0.78 (0.44, 1.41)
Alcoholic drinks
 0 (79/158) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 >0-<0.0658 (24/42) 1.16 (0.65, 2.05) 0.003 1.09 (0.59, 2.00) 0.002 1.03 (0.56, 1.89) 0.001
 ≥0.0658 (5/52) 0.18 (0.07, 0.47) 0.17 (0.06, 0.47) 0.17 (0.06, 0.46)
Tea
 0 (50/140) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 >0-<0.4286 (38/59) 0.93 (0.37, 2.35) 0.503 1.82 (1.04, 3.17) 0.575 1.89 (1.09, 3.26) 0.645
 ≥0.4286 (21/53) 0.49 (0.22, 1.12) 1.09 (0.58, 2.07) 1.13 (0.60, 2.12)
Corn-based drinks
 <0.0658 (34/65) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 ≥0.0658-<0.1429 (26/60) 0.83 (0.45, 1.54) 0.992 0.98 (0.51, 1. 89) 0.922 0.95 (0.49, 1.81) 0.826
 ≥0.1429 (49/127) 0.74 (0.43, 1.25) 0.81 (0.46, 1.43) 0.76 (0.44, 1.34)
Avocado
 <0.1429 (45/76) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 ≥0.1429-<0.4286 (38/80) 0.80 (0.47, 1. 37) 0.015 0.79 (0.45, 1. 40) 0.053 0.83 (0.47, 1.45) 0.040
 ≥0.4286 (26/96) 0.46 (0.26, 0.81) 0.55 (0.30, 1.00) 0.52 (0.29, 0.95)
Vegetable fats
 <0.9286 (24/82) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 ≥0.9286 -<1.1429 (45/85) 1.81 (1.01, 3.23) 0.208 1.73 (0.93, 3.21) 0.310 1.79 (0.97, 3.31) 0.354
 ≥1.1429 (38/81) 1.60 (0.88, 2.91) 1.60 (0.85, 3.03) 1.56 (0.83, 2.94)
Mexican dishes
 <0.368 (51/83) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 ≥0.368-<0.6538 (28/84) 0.54 (0.31, 0.94) 0.114 0.53 (0.30, 0.96) 0.132 0.50 (0.28, 0.89) 0.115
 ≥0.6538 (29/85) 0.56 (0.32, 0.96) 0.55 (0.31, 0.98) 0.53 (0.29, 0.94)
DNA topoisomerase II enzyme inhibitors
 < 2.28585 (45/84) 1.00 1.00 1.00
 ≥2.28585-< 3.0987 (33/83) 0.74 (0.43, 1.28) 0.212 0.63 (0.35, 1.11) 0.135 0.66 (0.37, 1.16) 0.127
 ≥3.0987 (31/85) 0.68 (0.39, 1.18) 0.62 (0.34, 1.11) 0.62 (0.35, 1.11)
a

crude model,

b

adjusted by mothers age, state of residence, person/room ratio (overcrowding level), breastfeeding, supplements, tobacco and alcohol consumption,

c

adjusted by mother´s education, state of residence, supplements, tobacco and alcohol consumption.