Table 2.
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prognostic Biomarker | No. of studies with all 3 performance indicators satisfied | No. of pooled meta-analyses showing significant association | No. of pooled meta-analyses showing significant association (excluding high risk of bias) | Non-pooled analyses showed that >=75% of studies had significant association | Persistent association on sensitivity analysis for non-pooled analyses (excluding high risk of bias) | Consistency in definition of prognostic biomarker used in analysis | Conclusion (predictive utility) | Strength of Evidence |
NT-proBNP | 3 | 2/2 | 2/2 | Yes | Yes | Yes | High | High |
CRP | 0 | 1/2 | 1/2 | No | No | No | Low | Moderate |
TnT | 4 | 2/3 | 1/3 | Yes | Yes | No | High | Moderate |
CACS | 0 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No | No | Low | Low |
CCTA | 2 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No | No | Moderate | Low |
SPECT | 1 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No | No | Moderate | Low |
PWV | 0 | 1/1 | 1/1 | Yes | Yes | No | Moderate | Moderate |
Gal-3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Yes | Yes | No | Low | Low |
TnI | 1 | 0 | 0 | No | No | No | Low | Low |
Carotid plaque | 0 | 0 | 0 | Yes | Yes | No | Low | Low |
GDF-15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | No | No | No | Low | Low |
TyG | 1 | 1/1 | NA | Yes | No | Yes | High | Moderate |
GRS-CHD | 1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | Yes | No | No | High | Moderate |
Table includes genetic and non-genetic biomarkers showing improvement in prediction performance (i.e. at least one of c-statistic, NRI, IDI) and in more than 1 study (corresponding to all markers in green boxes in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5). Notes: Predictive utility was classified as high (3 point) moderate (2 points) or low (<2 points) based on the criteria defined in columns A, B and D (Column A: >0 = 1 point; Column B: >0 = 1 point, Column D: “Yes” = 1 point). Strength of Evidence was classified as High (4 points), moderate (2 or 3 points) and low (<2 points) based on criteria defined in columns B, C, E and F (Column B: at least one meta-analysis conducted [regardless of outcome] = 1 point; Column C: exclusion of high risk of bias studies did not alter inferences from meta-analyses [same number as in column B] = 1 point; Column E: exclusion of high risk of bias studies did not alter inferences from non-pooled analyses [YES] = 1 point; Column F: “yes” = 1 point).