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. 2024 Jan 22;4:11. doi: 10.1038/s43856-023-00429-z

Table 2.

Conclusion and strength of the evidence.

A B C D E F G H
Prognostic Biomarker No. of studies with all 3 performance indicators satisfied No. of pooled meta-analyses showing significant association No. of pooled meta-analyses showing significant association (excluding high risk of bias) Non-pooled analyses showed that >=75% of studies had significant association Persistent association on sensitivity analysis for non-pooled analyses (excluding high risk of bias) Consistency in definition of prognostic biomarker used in analysis Conclusion (predictive utility) Strength of Evidence
NT-proBNP 3 2/2 2/2 Yes Yes Yes High High
CRP 0 1/2 1/2 No No No Low Moderate
TnT 4 2/3 1/3 Yes Yes No High Moderate
CACS 0 0 0 Yes No No Low Low
CCTA 2 0 0 Yes No No Moderate Low
SPECT 1 0 0 Yes No No Moderate Low
PWV 0 1/1 1/1 Yes Yes No Moderate Moderate
Gal-3 0 0 0 Yes Yes No Low Low
TnI 1 0 0 No No No Low Low
Carotid plaque 0 0 0 Yes Yes No Low Low
GDF-15 0 0 0 No No No Low Low
TyG 1 1/1 NA Yes No Yes High Moderate
GRS-CHD 1 1/1 1/1 Yes No No High Moderate

Table includes genetic and non-genetic biomarkers showing improvement in prediction performance (i.e. at least one of c-statistic, NRI, IDI) and in more than 1 study (corresponding to all markers in green boxes in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5). Notes: Predictive utility was classified as high (3 point) moderate (2 points) or low (<2 points) based on the criteria defined in columns A, B and D (Column A: >0 = 1 point; Column B: >0 = 1 point, Column D: “Yes” = 1 point). Strength of Evidence was classified as High (4 points), moderate (2 or 3 points) and low (<2 points) based on criteria defined in columns B, C, E and F (Column B: at least one meta-analysis conducted [regardless of outcome] = 1 point; Column C: exclusion of high risk of bias studies did not alter inferences from meta-analyses [same number as in column B] = 1 point; Column E: exclusion of high risk of bias studies did not alter inferences from non-pooled analyses [YES] = 1 point; Column F: “yes” = 1 point).