Skip to main content
. 2024 Jan 22;14:1899. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-51866-2

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Gut-targeted Gdf15 ablation results in significant reductions of acute metformin-stimulated circulating GDF15, a response altered by antecedent diet. (A) Serum GDF15 levels (mean ± SEM) in 12-week-old wild-type and Gdf15-gut-KO mice fed either a standard chow (Chow), 60% high-fat (HF), or high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet for 4 weeks followed by a single oral dose of water (sham) or 600 mg/kg metformin, n = 9/group, and ns = non-significant, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001 as determined by three-way ANOVA. (B–G) Gdf15 mRNA expression (normalized to expression levels of actin B) in the (B) liver, (C) kidney, (D) colon, (E) proximal small intestine, (F) middle small intestine, and (G) distal small intestine from 60% high-fat diet-fed wild-type and Gdf15-gut-KO mice 6 h after receiving a single oral dose of water (Sham) or 600 mg/kg metformin (Met). n = 9/group, mean ± SEM, and *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001 as determined by two-way ANOVA.