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. 2024 Jan 22;14:1899. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-51866-2

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The liver is a major contributor to the increase in circulating GDF15 in response to oral administration of an AMPK activator. (A) Serum GDF15 levels (mean ± SEM) in 20-week-old wild-type and Gdf15-liver-KO mice fed a 60% high-fat diet for 4 weeks followed by a single oral dose of water (sham) or 30 mg/kg MK-8722, n = 8/group, mean ± SEM, and ns = non-significant and ****p < 0.0001 as determined by two-way ANOVA. (B–G) Gdf15 mRNA expression (normalized to expression levels of actin B) in the (B) liver, (C) kidney, (D) colon, (E) proximal small intestine, (F) middle small intestine, and (G) distal small intestine from high-fat diet-fed wild-type and Gdf15-liver-KO mice 4 h after receiving a single oral dose of water (Sham) or 30 mg/kg MK-8722. n = 8/group, mean ± SEM, and ns = non-significant, *p < 0.05, and ****p < 0.0001 as determined by two-way ANOVA.