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. 2024 Jan 9;4:1306475. doi: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1306475

Table 2.

Ranking of TMD treatments according to best evidence.

Treatment Level of evidence SMD (95% CI)
Occlusal appliance Moderate −0.94 (−1.38; −0.51)
Manual Low −1.10 (−1.69; −0.51)
Counceling Low −0.95 (−1.52; −0.38)
Ozon Very low −1.11 (−1.95; −0.27)
Local anesthetics Very low −0.77 (−1.41; −1.12)
Botulinum toxin Very low −0.72 (−1.25; −1.19)
Dry needling Very low −0.70 (−0.27; −0.14)
Hypnosis Very low −0.67 (−1.59; 0.24)
Laser Very low −0.58; (−1.30; 1.13)
Muscle relaxants Very low ±.48 (−1.09; 0.13)

SMD, Standard mean difference; CI, Confidence interval. Adapted after Al-Moraissi et al. (62).