Table 1.
Patient characteristics and factors associated with a diagnosis of ‘probable CAPA’
| Overall, N=266 | No CAPA, N=237 | Probable CAPA, N=29 | P value | q-value* | |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 56 (47–65) | 56 (46–65) | 58 (53–64) | 0.75† | 0.79 |
| Female gender, n (%) | 86 (32) | 78 (33) | 8 (28) | 0.56‡ | 0.70 |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.15§ | 0.37 | |||
| White | 133 (50) | 114 (48) | 19 (66) | ||
| Asian | 66 (25) | 63 (27) | 3 (10) | ||
| Black | 39 (15) | 36 (15) | 3 (10) | ||
| Other | 28 (11) | 24 (10) | 4 (14) | ||
| APACHE II at admission, median (IQR) | 13 (10–18) | 13 (10–17) | 16 (9–20) | 0.18¶ | 0.40 |
| SOFA at admission, median (IQR) | 7 (5–8) | 7 (5–8) | 7 (5–8) | 0.26¶ | 0.43 |
| COPD, n (%) | 11 (4.1) | 7 (3.0) | 4 (14) | 0.022§ | 0.19 |
| Smoking history, n (%) | 59 (22) | 49 (21) | 10 (34) | 0.091‡ | 0.26 |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 30 (26–35) | 30 (26–35) | 31 (26–35) | 0.91† | 0.91 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 77 (29) | 71 (30) | 6 (21) | 0.30‡ | 0.46 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 102 (38) | 92 (39) | 10 (34) | 0.65‡ | 0.72 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 15 (5.6) | 11 (4.6) | 4 (14) | 0.067§ | 0.22 |
| Neutrophil count at ICU admission, median (IQR) | 8.5 (5.8–11.5) | 8.6 (6.1–11.5) | 7.3 (5.6–11.6) | 0.63† | 0.72 |
| Lymphocyte count at ICU admission, median (IQR) | 0.60 (0.40–0.80) | 0.60 (0.40–0.86) | 0.60 (0.40–0.69) | 0.22† | 0.40 |
| Received renal replacement therapy, n (%) | 81 (31) | 70 (30) | 11 (38) | 0.38‡ | 0.50 |
| EORTC host criteria, n (%) | 14 (5.3) | 10 (4.2) | 4 (14) | 0.053§ | 0.21 |
| ECMO, n (%) | 51 (19) | 43 (18) | 8 (28) | 0.22‡ | 0.40 |
| Received IL-6 inhibitor, n (%) | 86 (32) | 71 (30) | 15 (52) | 0.018‡ | 0.15 |
| Received IL-1 inhibitor, n (%) | 15 (5.6) | 14 (5.9) | 1 (3.4) | >0.99† | >0.99 |
| Steroid dose (pred-eq) 28 days prior to ICU admission, mean (SD) | 86 (299) | 65(138) | 253 (810) | 0.16† | 0.36 |
| Length of ICU stay (days), median (IQR) | 20 (13–35) | 20 (12–34) | 28 (22–42) | 0.029† | 0.19 |
| 90-day mortality, n (%) | 125 (47) | 109 (46) | 16 (55) | 0.35‡ | 0.50 |
Possible CAPA classified as no CAPA for this analysis. Bold values denote statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level.
*False discovery rate correction for multiple testing.
†Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
‡Pearson’s Χ2 test.
§Fisher’s exact test.
¶Welch two-sample t-test.
APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; BMI, body mass index; CAPA, COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; EORTC, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer; ICU, intensive care unit; IL, interleukin; pred-eq, prednisolone equivalent; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.