TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Studies | Country | Study design | Participant | Sex | Sample size | Trial duration (week) | Means age | Means BMI | Intervention | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IG | CG | IG | CG | IG | CG | Type intervention | Dose (mg/day) | Control group | |||||||
| Daneshi‐Maskooni et al. (2018) | Iran | Parallel, R, PC, DB | NAFLD‐ overweight or obese | M/F | 87 | 43 | 44 | 12 | 45.5 ± 8.9 | 45 ± 7.7 | 30.5 ± 2.4 | 30.7 ± 3.2 | Green cardamom | 3000 | Placebo |
| Cheshmeh et al. (2022) | Iran | Parallel, R, PC, DB | Polycystic ovary syndrome–obese | F | 197 | 99 | 95 | 16 | 32.99 ± 5.57 | 33.81 ± 5.42 | 34.78 ± 3.39 | 35.18 ± 5.16 | Green cardamom low‐calorie diet | 3000 | Low‐calorie diet‐placebo |
| Kazemi et al. (2017) | Iran | Parallel, R, PC, DB | hyperlipidemic, overweight, obese, and prediabetic | F | 80 | 40 | 40 | 8 | 48.3 ± 10.4 | 47.5 ± 10.3 | 29.7 ± 4.04 | 29.3 ± 3.1 | Green cardamom powder | 3000 | Placebo |
| Ghazi Zahedi et al. (2021) | Iran | Parallel, R, PC, DB | T2DM‐ overweight or obese | M/F | 83 | 41 | 42 | 10 | NR | NR | NR | NR | Dried fruits of Elettaria cardamom | 3000 | Placebo |
| Azimi et al. (2014) | Iran | Parallel, R, CO, SB | T2DM | M/F | 81 | 42 | 39 | 8 | 51.59 ± 8.42 | 53.64 ± 8.11 | 28.96 ± 1.29 | 28.4 ± 1.24 | Green cardamom– black tea | 3000 | Black tea |
| Zahedi et al. (2022) | Iran | Parallel, R, PC, DB | T2DM | M/F | 83 | 41 | 42 | 10 | 54 ± 5.55 | 53 ± 4.44 | 29 ± 3.85 | 29 ± 3.11 | Green cardamom | 3000 | Placebo |
| Fatemeh et al. (2017) | Iran | Parallel, R, PC, DB | Prediabetic, overweight, and obese | F | 80 | 40 | 40 | 8 | 48.3 ± 10.4 | 47.5 ± 10.3 | 29.7 ± 4.04 | 29.3 ± 3.1 | Green cardamom powder | 3000 | Placebo |
| Azimi et al. (2016) | Iran | Parallel, R, CO, SB | T2DM | M/F | 81 | 42 | 39 | 8 | 51.59 ± 8.42 | 53.64 ± 8.11 | 28.96 ± 1.29 | 28.40 ± 1.24 | Green cardamom–black tea | 3000 | Black tea |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CG, control group; CO, control; DB, double blind; F, female; IG, intervention group; M, male; PC, placebo controlled; R, randomized; SB, single blind.