Table 2.
Incidence of cardiovascular diseases according to joint classification of ideal cardiovascular health status, metabolic syndrome and its components, and insulin resistance: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, 2002–2018
| n/N | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Poor | |||||||
| Non‐MetS | 15/72 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| MetS | 217/624 | 1.76 (1.04–2.98) | 0.033 | 1.83 (1.08–3.10) | 0.024 | 1.83 (1.08–3.10) | 0.024 |
| Intermediate | |||||||
| Non‐MetS | 241/2,458 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| MetS | 405/2,186 | 1.99 (1.70–2.34) | <0.001 | 1.60 (1.36–1.88) | <0.001 | 1.57 (1.34–1.84) | <0.001 |
| Ideal | |||||||
| Non‐MetS | 31/858 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| MetS | 0/42 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Poor | |||||||
| Low TG | 42/144 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| High TG | 190/552 | 1.22 (0.87–1.70) | 0.242 | 1.39 (0.99–1.95) | 0.051 | 1.42 (1.01–2.00) | 0.039 |
| Intermediate | |||||||
| Low TG | 276/2,295 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| High TG | 370/2,348 | 1.33 (1.13–1.55) | <0.001 | 1.37 (1.17–1.61) | <0.001 | 1.35 (1.16–1.58) | <0.001 |
| Ideal | |||||||
| Low TG | 24/724 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| High TG | 7/176 | 1.11 (0.48–2.59) | 0.795 | 1.11 (0.47–2.61) | 0.801 | 0.92 (0.38–2.19) | 0.859 |
| Poor | |||||||
| High HDL‐C | 35/141 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Low HDL‐C | 195/551 | 1.47 (1.02–2.11) | 0.035 | 1.62 (1.13–2.33) | 0.008 | 1.63 (1.14–2.35) | 0.007 |
| Intermediate | |||||||
| High HDL‐C | 131/971 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Low HDL‐C | 514/3,668 | 1.00 (0.83–1.22) | 0.936 | 1.22 (1.01–1.48) | 0.041 | 1.21 (1.00–1.47) | 0.049 |
| Ideal | |||||||
| High HDL‐C | 10/223 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Low HDL‐C | 21/676 | 0.63 (0.29–1.34) | 0.231 | 0.90 (0.41–1.94) | 0.789 | 0.84 (0.39–1.83) | 0.672 |
| Poor | |||||||
| Non‐abdominal obesity | 34/124 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Abdominal obesity | 191/547 | 1.26 (0.87–1.81) | 0.213 | 1.18 (0.82–1.71) | 0.356 | 1.17 (0.81–1.69) | 0.400 |
| Intermediate | |||||||
| Non‐abdominal obesity | 261/2,255 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Abdominal obesity | 374/2,257 | 1.46 (1.25–1.71) | <0.001 | 1.22 (1.04–1.43) | 0.012 | 1.19 (1.02–1.40) | 0.026 |
| Ideal | |||||||
| Non‐abdominal obesity | 26/773 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Abdominal obesity | 4/111 | 1.04 (0.36–2.99) | 0.933 | 0.84 (0.29–2.42) | 0.757 | 0.75 (0.26–2.18) | 0.608 |
| Poor | |||||||
| Insulin sensitivity † | 17/77 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Insulin resistance | 87/248 | 1.76 (1.04–2.96) | 0.033 | 1.86 (1.10–3.15) | 0.020 | 1.91 (1.13–3.23) | 0.015 |
| Intermediate | |||||||
| Insulin sensitivity | 170/1,378 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Insulin resistance | 159/1,211 | 1.07 (0.86–1.33) | 0.499 | 1.26 (1.01–1.58) | 0.035 | 1.25 (1.00–1.56) | 0.046 |
| Ideal | |||||||
| Insulin sensitivity | 16/400 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Insulin resistance | 1/119 | 0.20 (0.03–1.52) | 0.122 | 0.31 (0.04–2.47) | 0.275 | 0.29 (0.04–2.31) | 0.247 |
Model 1: crude. Model 2: adjusted for age and sex. Model 3: Model 2 + further adjusted for educational level, marital status, and history of premature CVD. Global cardiovascular health status defined according to the number of ideal metrics: 0–2 (poor), 3–4 (intermediate), and 5–6 (ideal). Low TG (<150 mg/dL); High TG (≥150 mg/dL); Low HDL cholesterol (<50 mg/dL in women and <40 mg/dL in men); High HDL cholesterol (≥50 mg/dL in women and ≥40 mg/dL in men); non‐abdominal obesity (WC < 95 cm); abdominal obesity (WC ≥ 95 cm); insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR >1.85 in women and >2.17 men).
Data were included for 3,433 participants.
HDL‐C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; MetS, metabolic syndrome; TG, triglyceride.
Bold font indicates statistical significance.