Table 2.
Average annual health care encounters and expenditure outcomes presented as median (IQR)
| Commercial | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total n = 5666 |
Low-utilizers n = 2833 |
Moderate-utilizers n = 1417 |
High-utilizers n = 850 |
Super-utilizers n = 566 |
|
| Total expenditure (kUSD) | 11.4 (3.7-31.5) | 3.7 (1.7-6.6) | 18.4 (14.5-23.9) | 48.5 (39.4-60.7) | 135.5 (100.8-204.5) |
| Group total (mUSD) | 190.3 | 12.4 | 27.4 | 43.1 | 107.4 |
| Inpatient | |||||
| No. of encounters | 0.2 (0.0-0.8) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.5 (0.2-0.8) | 1.2 (0.6-2.0) | 2.6 (1.0-4.8) |
| Expenditure (kUSD) | 2.4 (0.0-15.2) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 9.1 (2.9-14.1) | 28.5 (14.7-39.8) | 80.8 (41.3-136.6) |
| Outpatient | |||||
| No. of encounters | 11.5 (6.0-21.7) | 7.2 (4.2-11.6) | 14.4 (8.6-22.4) | 21.5 (13.8-32.8) | 35.3 (24.0-54.8) |
| Expenditure (kUSD) | 5.0 (2.1-11.5) | 2.5 (1.3-4.3) | 7.5 (4.4-12.4) | 14.6 (7.7-29.8) | 41.5 (20.4-89.6) |
| ED | |||||
| No. of encounters | 0.5 (0.0-1.3) | 0.2 (0.0-0.7) | 0.8 (0.2-1.6) | 1.0 (0.3-2.3) | 1.3 (0.4-3.6) |
| Expenditure (kUSD) | 0.3 (0.0-1.2) | 0.1 (0.0-0.5) | 0.5 (0.0-1.5) | 0.8 (0.0-2.1) | 1.3 (0.1-4.4) |
| Medicare | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total n = 8600 |
Low-utilizers n = 4300 |
Moderate-utilizers n = 2150 |
High-utilizers n = 1290 |
Super-utilizers n = 860 |
|
| Total expenditure (kUSD) | 21.0 (6.8-51.1) | 6.8 (2.7-12.8) | 32.7 (26.5-40.4) | 67.2 (58.9-77.9) | 122.5 (103.8-150.7) |
| Group total (mUSD) | 312.6 | 34.6 | 72.8 | 88.6 | 116.6 |
| Inpatient | |||||
| No. of encounters | 1.4 (0.4-3.4) | 0.5 (0.2-1.0) | 2.5 (1.4-3.6) | 4.4 (2.4-6.4) | 6.8 (4.3-9.9) |
| Expenditure (kUSD) | 12.9 (3.3-34.6) | 3.7 (0.1-8.8) | 23.7 (16.9-31.0) | 49.7 (33.1-60.8) | 94.0 (71.9-118.9) |
| Outpatient | |||||
| No. of encounters | 8.7 (3.8-16.4) | 5.8 (2.6-10.6) | 10.6 (4.9-18.1) | 15.6 (7.8-23.9) | 18.9 (10.5-28.2) |
| Expenditure (kUSD) | 1.8 (0.5-7.7) | 0.8 (0.3-2.1) | 3.1 (0.9-11.0) | 8.7 (2.2-31.1) | 17.9 (3.9-38.4) |
| ED | |||||
| No. of encounters | 1.6 (0.6-4.0) | 1.1 (0.4-2.4) | 1.9 (0.8-4.8) | 3.0 (1.3-7.7) | 4.7 (1.6-14.9) |
| Expenditure (kUSD) | 0.9 (0.3-2.5) | 0.5 (0.1-1.2) | 1.2 (0.4-2.9) | 2.1 (0.8-5.2) | 4.0 (1.3-11.3) |
Low-utilizers: bottom 50% of costs; moderate-utilizers: top 25% to 49.9% of costs; high-utilizers: top 10% to 24.9% of costs; super-utilizers: top 10% of costs.
IQR, interquartile range; kUSD, US dollars in thousands; mUSD, US dollars in millions.