. 2024 Jan 26;61:2024003. doi: 10.2141/jpsa.2024003

Table 7. Effect of dietary puerarin on intestinal morphology in pigeons.

Item	Puerarin level (mg/kg)					SEM	P–value
Item	0	40	80	120	160	SEM	ANOVA	Linear
Day 15
Duodenum
VH (μm)	941.98^b	921.85^b	1075.13^a	1101.51^a	1066.00^a	7.75	<0.001	<0.001
CD (μm)	184.82^bc	153.65^d	238.66^a	200.43^b	173.45^cd	3.08	<0.001	<0.001
VH/CD	5.55^b	6.08^ab	4.69^c	5.62^b	6.47^a	0.91	<0.001	0.020
Jejunum
VH (μm)	509.12^d	499.62^d	669.91^c	775.03^a	732.45^b	8.32	<0.001	<0.001
CD (μm)	138.89^b	146.58^b	177.68^a	168.27^a	174.25^a	1.94	<0.001	<0.001
VH/CD	3.76^b	3.64^b	3.84^b	4.68^a	4.33^a	0.59	<0.001	<0.001
Ileum
VH (μm)	348.35^d	386.84^c	444.57^b	426.68^b	476.24^a	3.75	<0.001	<0.001
CD (μm)	134.39	128.67	128.17	135.23	134.90	2.34	0.774	0.640
VH/CD	2.73^c	3.08^bc	3.62^a	3.38^ab	3.75^a	0.05	<0.001	<0.001
Day 30
Duodenum
VH (μm)	967.44^b	1023.94^ab	1011.69^ab	1081.96^a	1027.54^ab	8.55	0.001	0.003
CD (μm)	183.87^b	189.49^b	153.98^c	179.42^b	214.61^a	2.39	<0.001	0.001
VH/CD	5.51^bc	5.50^bc	6.68^a	6.22^ab	5.04^c	0.91	<0.001	0.695
Jejunum
VH (μm)	871.39^c	833.67^c	926.85^b	953.24^ab	994.06^a	7.20	<0.001	<0.001
CD (μm)	152.69^b	160.85^ab	163.06^ab	156.81^ab	172.93^a	1.97	0.016	0.008
VH/CD	5.84^ab	5.35^b	6.05^a	6.24^a	5.92^ab	0.83	0.010	0.071
Ileum
VH (μm)	296.75^c	371.44^b	360.17^b	373.06^a	437.06^ab	3.60	<0.001	<0.001
CD (μm)	139.58^a	118.57^b	117.99^b	135.15^a	128.77^ab	1.46	<0.001	<0.001
VH/CD	2.17^c	3.18^ab	3.12^b	2.93^b	3.51^a	0.05	<0.001	<0.001

Data represent the means of five individuals per treatment. ^a–dMeans with different superscripts in a row differ significantly (P < 0.05). VH/CD = villus height to crypt depth ratio; VH = villus height; CD = crypt depth; SEM = standard error of the mean; ANOVA = analysis of variance.