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. 2024 Jan 23;15:680. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-44178-y

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 10 — Schematic illustration of the main findings of this study. Upon neonatal sepsis, a distinct cytokine response is developed, characterized by significant expression of interleukin (IL)-10 and reduced expression of IL-17 compared to adult sepsis. High IL-10 to IL-17 ratio augments DEL-1 expression in sepsis in early life. DEL-1 subsequently promotes emergency granulopoiesis in septic neonate mice, via support of myeloid-biased (MPPs) and granulocyte macrophage progenitors (GMPs) in the bone marrow. Emergency granulopoiesis further supports neutrophil production in the bone marrow and sustains the output of neutrophils in the peripheral circulation, leading to control of bacteremia and survival from sepsis in early life. Created with BioRender.com.