Table 3.
Comparison of Laboratory markers with mortality at two time points.
| Reference ranges | Day 1 | Day 5 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-ICU alive (n = 40) | ICU alive (n = 39) | Dead (n = 21) | p value | Non-ICU alive (n = 38) | ICU alive (n = 30) | Dead (n = 16) | p value | ||||
| Non-ICU alive versus dead | ICU alive versus dead | Non-ICU alive versus dead | ICU alive versus dead | ||||||||
| Endothelial activation markers | |||||||||||
| Soluble thrombomodulin, ng/mL‡ | 2.26–4.55 | 4.0 (3.5–5.0) | 4.5 (3.8–6.2) | 5.9 (3.9–7.5) | 0.01 | 0.19 | 3.7 (3.3–4.6) | 4.8 (4.2–6.0) | 5.9 (4.8–8.9) | < 0.001 | 0.07 |
| VWF antigen, U/dL | 61.3–157.8 | 245 (96.4) | 291 (81.7) | 309 (78.1) | 0.007 | 0.39 | 224 (93.8) | 307 (80.3) | 345 (99.6) | < 0.001 | 0.15 |
| Platelet number and activation markers | |||||||||||
| Platelet Count, 109 cells per L | 150–400 | 203 (94.7) | 171 (76.1) | 147 (74.4) | 0.02 | 0.24 | 242 (106) | 201 (77.4) | 159 (71.9) | 0.003 | 0.07 |
| PFA 200, s | 68–142 | 106 (49.1) | 109 (57.1) | 122 (60.0) | 0.29 | 0.4 | 114(51) | 85.9 (40.8) | 96.3 (42.8) | 0.21 | 0.41 |
| Soluble P-selectin, ng/mL‡ | 13.5–31.5 | 19 (15.8–27.4) | 32.7 (22–47.3) | 30 (22.4, 49.1) | 0.001 | 0.83 | 23.7 (17.4–30.1) | 42.8 (34.1–56.6) | 47.9 (27.3–55.6) | 0.005 | 0.89 |
| Beta-thromboglobulin, ng/mL‡ | 0.034–1.99 | 0.6 (0.5–0.9) | 1.8 (1.0–2.4) | 1.6 (0.8–2.8) | < 0.001 | 0.76 | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 1.7 (1.1–2.4) | 1.6(1.1–2.4) | < 0.001 | 0.96 |
| Coagulation parameters | |||||||||||
| Prothrombin time, s | 8–11.2 | 10.7 (1.85) | 12.2 (4.39) | 11.9 (2.2) | 0.04 | 0.73 | 10.3 (1.7) | 12.1 (1.9) | 15 (8.1) | 0.03 | 0.04 |
| APTT, s | 25.2–38 | 33.3 (5.7) | 35.1 (13.7) | 34.7 (5.4) | 0.35 | 0.89 | 32.9(5.8) | 35.6 (6.6) | 46.5 (26.4) | 0.06 | 0.02 |
| D-dimer, ng/mL† | < 250 | 433 (288–804) | 817 (477–2831) | 1684 (840–5960) | < 0.001 | 0.07 | 545 (335–1073) | 1100 (557–2913) | 1809 (1113–5173) | < 0.001 | 0.05 |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL | 150–300 | 358 (123) | 381 (152) | 393 (143) | 0.35 | 0.79 | 420 (126) | 408 (131) | 359 (129) | 0.13 | 0.21 |
| Factor VIII, U/dL | 50–150 | 105 (36.1) | 122 (40.5) | 110 (29.5) | 0.50 | 0.27 | 153 (92.9) | 142 (33.3) | 117 (45.5) | 0.09 | 0.03 |
| Global hemostasis | |||||||||||
| MODIFIED EXTEM†† | |||||||||||
| CT, s† | 324–565 | 310 (259–381) | 375 (321–501) | 354 (279–397 | 0.29 | 0.22 | 311 (263–347) | 362 (300–460) | 483 (315–698) | 0.002 | 0.07 |
| CFT, s† | 112–224 | 96 (79.5–131) | 96 (80–182) | 103 (90–128) | 0.39 | 0.88 | 93 (76–104) | 106(85–146) | 133 (92–283) | 0.01 | 0.17 |
| Alpha angle, degree | 50–68 | 69.2 (8.1) | 65.1 (13.3) | 67.9 (8.4) | 0.55 | 0.39 | 71 (7.6) | 66.1 (12.8) | 58.2 (19.1) | 0.02 | 0.08 |
| MCF, mm | 55–66 | 65.1 (8.7) | 65.2 (9.4) | 64 (8.3) | 0.63 | 0.62 | 67.2 (7.8) | 65.1 (9.1) | 61.4 (11.5) | 0.09 | 0.23 |
| ML, %† | 0–15 | 6.5 (4–11) | 4 (2–7) | 5 (2–10) | 0.08 | 0.79 | 8 (5–10) | 3 (1–5.2) | 1 (0–5.7) | 0.001 | 0.24 |
| FIBTEM | |||||||||||
| CT, † | 233–426 | 331 (266–372) | 383 (329–507) | 346 (288–393) | 0.29 | 0.10 | 322 (280–364) | 381 (333–468) | 528 (367–699) | 0.001 | 0.09 |
| MCF, mm | 4.4–18.8 | 27.8 (13.6) | 24.8 (9.1) | 25.9 (8) | 0.49 | 0.67 | 29.1 (14.2) | 22.9 (8.1) | 22.5 (7) | 0.04 | 0.88 |
Data are presented as mean (SD) and p value is obtained from t test.
VWF Ag, von Willebrand factor antigen; PFA 200, Platelet function analysis; APTT, Activated partial thromboplastin time; CT, clotting time; CFT, Clot formation time; MCF, maximum clot firmness; ML, Maximal lysis. ††EXTEM reagent was modified by using low tissue factor concentration to reflect physiological conditions.
†Data are presented as median (IQR), and p value is obtained from non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test.
Significant values are in bold.