Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants and distribution across IR.
| No-IR N = 3416 |
IR N = 3318 |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 47.86 ± 17.65 | 51.25 ± 16.97 | < 0.001 |
| HB (g/dL) | 13.97 ± 1.51 | 14.14 ± 1.55 | < 0.001 |
| HBA1C (%) | 5.48 ± 0.67 | 6.15 ± 1.44 | < 0.001 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 5.42 ± 0.90 | 6.76 ± 2.54 | < 0.001 |
| Sex (%) | 0.178 | ||
| Female | 51.61 | 49.97 | |
| Male | 48.39 | 50.03 | |
| Race (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Hispanic American | 21.14 | 28.96 | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 41.80 | 36.65 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 19.50 | 21.01 | |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 15.02 | 10.43 | |
| Other/multi-racial | 2.55 | 2.95 | |
| Edu (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| < 12th grade | 20.73 | 25.17 | |
| High school graduate | 21.05 | 21.94 | |
| Some college/AA degree | 28.34 | 30.86 | |
| College graduate or above | 29.86 | 21.97 | |
| PIR (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| < 1.3 | 31.67 | 34.27 | |
| 1.3–4.9 | 49.15 | 51.21 | |
| ≥ 5 | 19.17 | 14.53 | |
| Marriagea (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Married | 50.91 | 53.53 | |
| Widowed | 6.70 | 7.72 | |
| Divorced/separated | 13.09 | 14.38 | |
| Never married | 20.43 | 16.82 | |
| Living with partner | 8.84 | 7.54 | |
| Drinking status (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 25.73 | 30.38 | |
| Yes | 74.27 | 69.62 | |
| Smoking status (%) | 0.832 | ||
| No | 56.79 | 56.06 | |
| Yes | 43.09 | 43.82 | |
| BMIb (kg/m2) (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| < 25 | 47.83 | 10.52 | |
| 25–29.9 | 34.78 | 29.60 | |
| ≥ 30 | 16.51 | 58.86 | |
| Hypertension (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 75.29 | 62.75 | |
| Yes | 22.10 | 34.54 | |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 0.00 | 0.00 | < 0.001 |
| No | 89.08 | 64.17 | |
| Yes | 10.89 | 35.81 | |
| Hypoglycemic drugs (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 93.44 | 80.29 | |
| Yes | 6.56 | 19.71 | |
| Hyperlipemia (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 46.87 | 28.51 | |
| Yes | 53.13 | 71.46 | |
| Liver disease (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 96.75 | 94.06 | |
| Yes | 3.19 | 5.79 | |
| Renal failure (%) | 0.347 | ||
| No | 96.49 | 95.81 | |
| Yes | 3.43 | 4.07 | |
| CHF (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 97.31 | 95.36 | |
| Yes | 2.61 | 4.52 | |
| CHD (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 96.83 | 94.61 | |
| Yes | 2.93 | 4.94 | |
| Stroke (%) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.053 |
| No | 96.84 | 95.78 | |
| Yes | 3.07 | 4.16 | |
| Cancer (%) | 0.026 | ||
| No | 91.92 | 90.05 | |
| Yes | 8.05 | 9.89 | |
| Abdominal obesity (AO, %) | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 63.88 | 22.97 | |
| Yes | 36.12 | 77.03 | |
| SII (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Q1 | 27.17 | 22.39 | |
| Q2 | 26.43 | 24.47 | |
| Q3 | 24.50 | 25.26 | |
| Q4 | 21.90 | 27.88 |
HB hemoglobin, HBA1C glycosylated hemoglobin, FBG fasting glucose (mmol/L), Edu educational level, PIR ratio of family income to poverty level, BMI body mass index, CHF chronic heart failure, CHD coronary heart disease, SII systemic immunity-inflammation index.
aMarital status as of the time of inspection.
bBMI was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height squared (kg/m2).