Table 2.
Effect of co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) oral dosing on serum levels of male hormones and testicular oxidative stress indicators and testicular tissue content of cadmium (Cd) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) of male rats exposed to TiO2NPs and/or Cd for 60 days.
|
Estimated parameters |
Experimental groups |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Vehicle control | CoQ10 | TiO2NPs | Cd | TiO2NPs +Cd |
TiO2NPs + Cd + CoQ10 | |
| Testosterone (ng/mL) | 0.47 ±0.02 |
0.47 ±0.09 |
0.50 ±0.08 |
0.30* ±0.01 |
0.27* ±0.03 |
0.23* ±0.02 |
0.46€ ±0.03 |
| FSH (ng/mL) | 4.73 ±0.12 |
4.97 ±0.37 |
5.00 ±0.21 |
3.60*# ±0.07 |
3.27* ±0.19 |
2.90* ±0.12 |
4.13*€ ±0.10 |
| LH (ng/mL) | 2.37 ±0.02 |
2.33 ±0.08 |
2.83* ±0.09 |
1.93*# ±0.06 |
1.90*# ±0.08 |
1.57* ±0.17 |
2.20€ ±0.04 |
| Estradiol (pg/mL) | 19.47 ±0.70 |
19.80 ±0.79 |
19.50 ±1.93 |
25.90# ±0.41 |
29.43* ±3.24 |
35.17* ±3.45 |
22.40€ ±1.29 |
| SOD (IU/g. protein) | 44.67 ±1.49 |
47.70 ±0.55 |
54.91 ±1.19 |
15.40* ±1.49 |
15.71* ±2.02 |
13.25* ±1.69 |
41.95€ ±1.54 |
| GPx (IU/g. protein) | 95.34 ±2.27 |
96.74 ±0.37 |
135.66* ±3.95 |
47.83*# ±4.01 |
39.06*# ±0.11 |
19.52* ±0.05 |
75.33*€ ±5.90 |
| MDA(nmol/g. protein) | 124.95 ±1.61 |
126.17 ±1.12 |
108.75* ± 1.51 | 135.60*# ±0.27 |
137.33*# ±3.10 |
167.79* ±0.88 |
125.45€ ±1.07 |
| Testicular Ti residues (ppm) | ND | ND | ND | 0.56* ±0.04 |
ND | 0.53* ±0.02 |
0.07*€ ±0.00 |
| Testicular Cd residues (ppm) | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.18*# ±0.01 |
0.40* ±0.01 |
0.09*€ ±0.00 |
LH: luteinizing hormone; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; SOD: superoxide dismutase; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; MDA: malondialdehyde; Ti: titanium. *p < 0.05 vs control, #p < 0.05 vs TiO2NPs + Cd, and € p < 0.05 TiO2NPs + Cd vs TiO2NPs + Cd + CoQ10. The values shown are means ± SE. n = 10 rats/group. Control group: orally received distilled water, vehicle control group: orally given 2 ml/kg b.wt corn oil, CoQ10: orally given 10 mg/kg b.wt CoQ10 dissolved in corn oil, TiO2NPs group: orally administered 50 mg/kg bwt TiO2NP, Cd group: orally administered 5 mg/kg bwt CdCl2, TiO2NPs + Cd: orally co-administered TiO2NPs and Cd at the abovementioned dose, and TiO2NPs + Cd + CoQ10: orally co-administered TiO2NPs, Cd, and CoQ10 at the above mentioned doses.