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. 2024 Jan 6;24:100948. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100948

Fig. 11.

Fig. 11

Mechanism of EVs derived from different cells on cartilage repair. (A) Schematic preparing steps and TEM image of ADSC-EVs, BMSC-EVs, and SMSC-EVs for cartilage regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Reproduced with permission [185]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier. (B) Schematic representation of sEVs secreted by BMSCs induced by HIF-1α injection to promote JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in miR-216a-5p for cartilage repair. Reproduced with permission [188]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier. (C) Schematic representation of EVs secreted by BMSCs pretreated with TGF-β3 to promote cartilage regeneration. Reproduced with permission [189]. Copyright 2022, Springer Nature. (D) Schematic diagram of the mechanism of action of MSCs exosomes in cartilage repair. MSCs-mediated exosomes enhance cell proliferation, migration, and matrix synthesis, reduce cell apoptosis, and regulate immune responses in cartilage regeneration. Reproduced with permission [190]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier.