Fig. 9.

The role of bioactive factors in cartilage repair. (A) Schematic diagram of bioactive factor's role in repairing injured cartilage. The figure was created with https://app.biorender.com/. (B) Schematic illustration of cartilage regeneration through sustained AHI release by an injectable composite hydrogel loaded with AHI and mSiO₂ NPs containing ACSCs. Reproduced with permission [157]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier. (C) Diagram of exogenous miR-17 or endogenous miR-17 induced by GDF-5 restoring cartilage homeostasis and preventing OA. Reproduced with permission [158]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier Springer Nature.