Table 5.
Barriers to open science
| Barrier | N | % |
| Open access publishing | ||
| The journals in my area do not use an open access publishing model | 15 | 8 |
| I do not know how to self-archive a paper to make it open access | 24 | 12 |
| I do not see the benefit of making an article open access | 15 | 8 |
| I do not think my institution values me doing this | 40 | 20 |
| I do not have funding to support the article processing charges that are common at open access journals | 149 | 75 |
| I do not perceive any of the above as issues to publish open access | 20 | 10 |
| Other | 21 | 11 |
| Preprints | ||
| I do not really know how to make a preprint | 52 | 26 |
| I do not have time to make preprints | 35 | 18 |
| I worry making a preprint will reduce my chances of the work being accepted at a peer reviewed journal | 73 | 37 |
| I do not see the benefit in making a preprint | 71 | 36 |
| I do not think my institution values me making a preprint | 55 | 28 |
| I think there are potential harms associated with sharing work that has not been peer reviewed | 91 | 46 |
| My institution has an internal process for posting preprints that makes the process very time consuming | 7 | 4 |
| Other | 13 | 7 |
| Data sharing | ||
| I do not know how to prepare my data appropriately for sharing | 45 | 23 |
| I do not have time to prepare my data for sharing | 59 | 30 |
| I do not know where to share my data | 44 | 22 |
| I do not feel I will get recognition for sharing my data | 65 | 33 |
| My institutional ethics board will not allow me to share my data | 58 | 29 |
| My research consent form specifies I will not share the data | 48 | 24 |
| I am concerned about patient privacy if I share my data | 72 | 36 |
| Concerns about intellectual property control | 94 | 47 |
| Concerns about being scooped | 56 | 28 |
| Concerns about unintended use of secondary data | 88 | 44 |
| Concerns about misinterpretation of the data | 75 | 38 |
| Concerns others may discover errors in the data | 15 | 8 |
| Other | 23 | 12 |
| Materials sharing | ||
| I do not know how to prepare my study materials for sharing | 38 | 19 |
| I do not have time to prepare my study materials for sharing | 43 | 22 |
| I do not know where to share my study materials | 46 | 23 |
| I do not think there is value for others in me sharing my study materials | 21 | 11 |
| There is no appropriate infrastructure available for me to share my study materials | 49 | 25 |
| The costs to share my study materials are a barrier | 41 | 21 |
| I do not feel I will get recognition for sharing my study materials | 51 | 26 |
| My institutional ethics board will not allow me to share my study materials | 26 | 13 |
| I am concerned about patient privacy if I share my study materials | 35 | 18 |
| Concerns about intellectual property control | 63 | 32 |
| Concerns about being scooped | 35 | 18 |
| Concerns about unintended use of materials | 54 | 27 |
| Concerns about misinterpretation of the materials | 40 | 20 |
| There are not any trained staff to guide me about it | 21 | 11 |
| Other | 20 | 10 |
| Protocol registration | ||
| I do not know how to create a study registration | 13 | 7 |
| I do not know what platform to use to register my study | 24 | 12 |
| I do not have time to register my studies | 33 | 17 |
| I do not feel I will get recognition for taking the time to register my studies | 24 | 12 |
| I do not think that my institution prioritises study registration | 24 | 12 |
| I worry that I will be scooped if I share my study plan before publishing results | 22 | 11 |
| I do not think there is value for others in me registering my studies | 18 | 9 |
| I do not think my research area lends itself well to registering protocols | 20 | 10 |
| Other | 23 | 12 |
| Reporting guidelines | ||
| I do not know where to find the relevant reporting guideline | 23 | 12 |
| I do not know how to use reporting guidelines | 17 | 9 |
| I do not have time to use reporting guidelines | 23 | 12 |
| I do not see the value in using reporting guidelines | 21 | 11 |
| I do not feel I will get recognition for taking the time to user reporting guidelines | 27 | 14 |
| I do not think my institution prioritises the use of reporting guidelines | 17 | 9 |
| Other | 35 | 18 |
| Patient and public involvement | ||
| I do not know how to identify patients/public members to contribute | 33 | 17 |
| I do not know how to incorporate patients/public members in my research | 48 | 24 |
| I do not have time to incorporate patients/public members in my research | 30 | 15 |
| I do not see the value in incorporating patients/public members in my research | 20 | 10 |
| I do not feel I will get recognition for taking the time to incorporate patients/public members in my research | 28 | 14 |
| I do not think my institution prioritises incorporating patients/public members in my research | 23 | 12 |
| Other | 35 | 18 |