Table 1.
Patient demographic and clinical characteristics
| Variable | All (N=41) | Clinical trials (n=18) | Recruited (n=23) |
| Age, mean (SD) | 53.6 (10.2) | 56.4 (11.0) | 51.3 (9.2) |
| Gender, n (%) | |||
| Female | 35 (85.4) | 14 (77.8) | 21 (91.3) |
| Male | 6 (14.6) | 4 (22.2) | 2 (8.7) |
| Race, n (%)* | |||
| White/Caucasian | 30 (73.2) | 12 (66.7) | 18 (78.3) |
| Black/African American | 9 (21.9) | 4 (22.2) | 5 (21.7) |
| American Indian/Alaskan | 1 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.3) |
| Asian | 1 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.3) |
| Other | 2 (4.9) | 1 (5.5) | 1 (4.4) |
| Prefer not to answer | 1 (2.4) | 1 (5.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Self-reported health information at the time of the interview | |||
| General health ratings, n (%) | |||
| Excellent | 3 (7.3) | 2 (11.1) | 1 (4.3) |
| Very good | 3 (7.3) | 3 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) |
| Good | 14 (34.1) | 7 (38.9) | 7 (30.4) |
| Fair | 15 (36.6) | 5 (27.8) | 10 (43.5) |
| Poor | 6 (14.6) | 1 (5.5) | 5 (21.7) |
| COVID-19 vaccination status, n (%) | |||
| One dose of Pfizer/BioNTech | 2 (4.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (8.7) |
| Two doses of Pfizer/BioNTech | 11 (26.8) | 5 (27.8) | 6 (26.1) |
| Two doses of Moderna | 11 (26.8) | 8 (44.4) | 3 (13.0) |
| One dose of Johnson & Johnson | 1 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.3) |
| Two doses of Pfizer/BioNTech AND a booster shot | 3 (7.3) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (13.0) |
| Two doses of Moderna AND a booster shot | 1 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.3) |
| No COVID-19 vaccine received | 12 (29.3) | 5 (27.8) | 7 (30.4) |
| Number and duration of symptoms, mean (SD) | |||
| Time since symptoms began (months) | 12.2 (5.9) | 7.7 (2.1) | 15.6 (5.5) |
| Number of symptoms reported per patient | 7 (4.7) | 6 (4.5) | 8 (4.9) |
| Time between hospitalisation due to COVID-19 and interview (months) | |||
| Not hospitalised, n (%)† | 21 (51.2) | 8 (44.4) | 13 (56.5) |
| Mean (SD) | 10.4 (5.0) | 7.0 (6.7) | 13.8 (5.1) |
| Self-reported comorbidities,‡ n (%) | |||
| Hypertension/high blood pressure | 18 (43.9) | 5 (27.8) | 13 (56.5) |
| Arthritis | 16 (39.0) | 7 (38.9) | 9 (39.1) |
| Other§ | 19 (46.3) | 6 (33.3) | 13 (56.5) |
| Asthma | 10 (24.4) | 3 (16.7) | 7 (30.4) |
| Diabetes (type 1, type 2, gestational) | 9 (22.0) | 3 (16.7) | 6 (26.1) |
| Mood disorders (bipolar disorder, cyclothymia, etc) | 7 (17.1) | 2 (11.1) | 5 (21.7) |
| Cardiovascular disease (eg, heart failure, coronary artery) | 5 (12.2) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (21.7) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 5 (12.2) | 2 (11.1) | 3 (13.0) |
| Neurological conditions (eg, Parkinson’s disease) | 5 (12.2) | 1 (5.5) | 4 (17.4) |
| History of stroke | 4 (9.8) | 1 (5.5) | 3 (13.0) |
| Cancer | 2 (4.9) | 2 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| None of the above | 7 (17.1) | 4 (22.2) | 3 (13.0) |
*Patients could select more than one choice to reflect individuals with mixed race.
†Missing data included in calculation of percentages.
‡Patients could select more than one choice.
§Other refers to a comorbidity that was described only once and includes but is not limited to, HIV/AIDS, multiple sclerosis, hypothyroidism, obesity, Hashimoto’s disease.