Table 2.

Common and rare causes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding according to the age, appearing and bleeding entity

	Ill-appearing	Well-appearing
		Severe bleeding	Milder bleeding
< 2 years	Intussusception Volvulus Infective colitis Rare: Necrotizing enterocolitis Hirschsprung enterocolitis Vascular malformation		Anal fissures Allergic proctocolitis Lymphoid hyperplasia Infective colitis
2–5 years	Intussusception Volvulus Henoch-Schönlein purpura Uremic-hemolytic syndrome	Meckel diverticulum Esophageal varices Ulcerative colitis Rare: Juvenile polyp Radiation enterocolitis Neutropenia associated colitis Vascular malformation	Infective colitis Juvenile polyp Lymphoid hyperplasia Ulcerative colitis Perianal streptococcal cellulitis Rare: Rectal prolapse/ulcer Crohn’s disease
> 5 years	Infective colitis Ulcerative colitis Henoch-Schönlein purpura Volvulus/intussusception	Ulcerative colitis Meckel diverticulum Esophageal varices Rare: Vascular malformation	Infective colitis Ulcerative colitis Juvenile polyp Hemorrhoids NSAIDsa Rare: Rectal prolapse/ulcer Crohn’s disease

^aNSAIDs Non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs