Table 2.
Baseline characteristics and hospital mortality of patients with confirmed AMI compared to those with suspected but not confirmed AMI
| No AMI N = 159 |
SBO N = 128 |
AMI N = 340 |
P No AMI vs. AMI |
P SBO vs. AMI |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Gender (male), n (%) (n = 627) | 88 (55.3) | 60 (46.9) | 198 (58.2) | 0.561 | 0.004 |
| Age, median (range) (n = 627) | 69 (23–97) | 70.5 (24–96) | 71 (18–99) | 0.331 | 0.873 |
| BMI (n = 465) | 24.9 (22.9–27.7) | 24.2 (20.4–27.7) | 25.1 (22–28.3) | 0.836 | 0.114 |
| Previous health | |||||
| Disabilitya, n (%) (n = 590) | 43 (27.0) | 32 (25.0) | 75 (22.1) | 0.257 | 0.020 |
| Smoking, n (%) (n = 469) | |||||
| Current | 31 (19.5) | 20 (15.6) | 67 (19.7) | 0.543 | 0.312 |
| Former | 26 (16.4) | 15 (11.7) | 40 (11.8) | ||
| Previous AF, n (%) (n = 604) | 34 (21.4) | 24 (18.8) | 93 (27.4) | 0.263 | 0.055 |
| Previous myocardial infarction, n (%) (n = 600) | 23 (14.5) | 10 (7.8) | 77 (22.6) | 0.040 | < 0.001 |
| Thromboembolism, n (%) (n = 590) | 17 (10.7) | 7 (5.5) | 60 (17.6) | 0.045 | 0.001 |
| Arterial | 9 (52.9) | 3 (42.9) | 37 (61.7) | ||
| Venous | 8 (47.1) | 4 (57.1) | 22 (36.7) | 0.576 | 0.420 |
| Charlson comorbidity index (n = 582) | 4 (2–6) | 4 (2–5) | 4 (2–6) | 0.401 | 0.022 |
| Acute condition | |||||
| APACHE II, points (n = 371) | 16 (8–22) | 10 (6–14) | 17 (11–24) | 0.063 | < 0.001 |
| SOFA, points (n = 374) | 3 (1–8) | 2 (0–4) | 5 (2–10) | 0.005 | < 0.001 |
| New AF, n (%) (n = 627) | 6 (3.8) | 4 (3.1) | 33 (9.7) | 0.020 | 0.020 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) (n = 627) | 46 (28.9) | 45 (35.2) | 154 (45.3) | < 0.001 | 0.059 |
| Vasopressors, n (%) (n = 627) | 30 (18.9) | 9 (7.0) | 104 (30.6) | 0.007 | < 0.001 |
| Symptoms suggesting AMI | |||||
| Acute abdominal pain, n (%) | 126 (79.2) | 120 (93.8) | 260 (76.5) | 0.566 | < 0.001 |
| Diarrhoea, n (%) | 23 (14.5) | 7 (5.5) | 47 (13.8) | 0.890 | 0.014 |
| Bloody stool, n (%) | 13 (8.2) | 5 (3.9) | 35 (10.3) | 0.517 | 0.026 |
| Shock, n (%) | 29 (18.2) | 5 (3.9) | 90 (26.5) | 0.055 | < 0.001 |
| WBC, cells × 109 (n = 604) | 12.7 (8–18.2) | 12.4 (8.2–16) | 16.2 (11.5–21.0) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| CRP, mg/L (n = 471) | 45 (10–123) | 36 (6–112) | 108 (31–225) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine, µmol/L (n = 592) | 101 (75–146) | 90 (71–138) | 127 (88–208) | < 0.001 | 0.010 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 (n = 426) | 59 (32–85) | 60 (40–84) | 44 (21–68) | 0.005 | < 0.001 |
| ASAT, U/L (n = 525) | 32 (21–118) | 24 (18–32) | 46 (26–112) | 0.075 | < 0.001 |
| Troponin T, ng/L (n = 179) | 49 (11–240) | 30 (10–100) | 53 (16–809) | 0.538 | 0.969 |
| pH (n = 478) | 7.34(7.21–7.40) | 7.38 (7.34–7.42) | 7.32 (7.23–7.4) | 0.919 | 0.124 |
| BE (n = 459) | − 4.1 (− 11.5; 0.2) | − 0.8 (− 5.5; 2) | − 5.5 (− 11; − 0.5) | 0.585 | < 0.001 |
| D-dimers, mg/L (n = 120) | 6 (4–16) | 1.45 (0.34–5) | 7 (2.3–17) | 0.997 | < 0.001 |
| Lactate, mmol/L (n = 487) | 2.95 (1.55–7.1) | 2.15 (1.5–3.4) | 4 (2.0–7.1) | 0.052 | < 0.001 |
| Outcome | |||||
| Hospital mortality n (%) (n = 627) | 42 (26.4) | 19 (14.8) | 198 (58.4) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
This analysis includes patients in whom AMI was suspected at any time point (hospital admission or later). Excluded are patients from one site with no suspected patients and 77/78 referred from another hospital. SBO refers to patients with local intestinal ischaemia due to strangulating bowel disease
AF atrial fibrillation, AMI acute mesenteric ischaemia, APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, ASAT aspartate aminotransferase, BE base excess, BMI body mass index, CRP C-reactive protein, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, WBC white blood cell count
aDisability was defined as need for any assistance in everyday life
(n = x) after the name of the variable always indicates number of patients included in the analysis for this specific variable. Data are presented in median (interquartile range) if not stated otherwise