Table 4.
Initial management of AMI and its different subtypes
| All n = 418 |
Arterial n = 231 |
Venous n = 73 |
NOMI n = 55 |
Othera n = 11 |
Unclear n = 48 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surgical only, n (%) | 217 (52.0) | 113 (48.7) | 31 (42.5) | 28 (51.9) | 7 (63.6) | 38 (79.2) |
| Laparoscopy | 17 (4.1) | 6 (2.6) | 4 (5.5) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (9.1) | 5 (10.4) |
| Explorative laparoscopy | 10 (2.4) | 5 (2.2) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.8) | – | 3 (6.3) |
| Laparoscopic bowel resection | 7 (1.7) | 1 (0.4) | 3 (4.1) | – | 1 (9.1) | 2 (4.2) |
| Laparotomy | 200 (47.8) | 107 (46.3) | 27 (37) | 6 (54.5) | 33 (68.8) | |
| Explorative laparotomy | 39 (9.3) | 19 (8.2) | 4 (5.5) | 7 (12.7) | – | 9 (18.8) |
| Surgical revascularization | 20 (4.8) | 19 (8.2) | 1 (1.4) | – | – | – |
| Revascularization and bowel resection | 14 (3.3) | 12 (5.2) | 1 (1.4) | – | 1 (9.1) | – |
| Bowel resection | 127 (30.4) | 57 (24.7) | 21 (28.8) | 20 (36.4) | 5 (45.5) | 24 (50) |
| Surgical and endovascular, n(%) | 25 (6.0) | 22 (9.5) | – | 1 (1.8) | 2 (18.2) | – |
| Endovascular revascularization with explorative laparotomy | 1 (0.2) | 1(0.43) | – | |||
| Endovascular revascularization with bowel resection | 7 (1.7) | 6 (26) | 1 (9.1) | – | ||
| Hybrid revascularization with explorative laparotomy | 6 (1.4) | 6 (26) | – | |||
| Hybrid revascularization with bowel resection | 11 (2.6) | 9 (3.9) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (9.1) | – | |
| Endovascular, n (%) | 54 (12.9) | 51 (22.0) | 2 (2.7) | – | 1 (12.1) | |
| Aspiration of thrombus/embolus | 18 (4.3) | 17 (7.3) | 1 (1.4) | – | – | |
| Balloon dilatation | 10 (2.4) | 8 (3.4) | 1 (1.4) | – | 1 (2.1) | |
| Stenting | 25 (6.0) | 25 (10.8) | – | – | – | |
| Thrombolysis | 11 (2.6) | 11 (4.7) | – | – | – | |
| Combined | 1 (0.2) | – | 1 (1.4) | – | – | |
| Interventions in total | ||||||
| Revascularization in total, n (%) | 113 (27.0) | 104 (45.0) | 4 (5.5) | 1 (1.8) | 3 (27.3) | 1 (2.1) |
| Bowel resection without revascularization, n (%) | 134 (32.1) | 58 (25.1) | 24 (32.9) | 20 (36.4) | 6 (54.5) | 26 (54.2) |
| Bowel resection in total, n (%) | 166 (39.7) | 85 (36.8) | 25 (34.2) | 21 (38.2) | 9 (81.8) | 26 (54.2) |
| Small bowel resection, n (%) | 126 (30.1) | 71 (30.7) | 23 (31.5) | 13 (23.6) | 7 (63.6) | 12 (25) |
| Residual small bowel length < 200 cm, n (%) | 44 (10.5) | 31 (13.4) | 3 (4.1) | 4 (7.3) | 4 (36.4) | 2 (4.2) |
| Large bowel resection, n (%) | 84 (20.1) | 40 (17.3) | 2 (2.7) | 17 (30.9) | 6 (54.5) | 19 (39.6) |
| Open abdomen, n (%) | 90 (21.5) | 52 (22.5) | 11 (15.1) | 14 (25.5) | 6 (54.5) | 7 (14.6) |
| Conservative only, n (%) | 76 (18.2) | 19 (8.2) | 39 (53.4) | 18 (33.7) | – | – |
| Full anticoagulation | 65 (15.6) | 16 (6.9) | 38 (52.1) | 11 (20.4) | – | – |
| Prophylactic anticoagulation | 4 (1) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (1.4) | 2 (3.7) | – | – |
| Antiplatelet therapy | 17 (4.1) | 8 (3.4) | 1 (1.4) | 8 (14.5) | – | – |
| End-of-life care, n (%) | 46 (11.0) | 26 (11.2) | 1 (1.4) | 8 (14.5) | 2 (18.2) | 9 (18.8) |
NOMI non-occlusive mesenteric ischaemia
aOther included specific mechanisms such as dissection, bowel distortion, mechanical devices for cardiac support and abdominal compartment syndrome