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. 2024 Jan 3;625(7996):813–821. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06893-w

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 10 — a, Community-level GalNAc utilization capacity is positively associated with gut microbiome diversity and richness. Bar plot shows the Spearman correlation coefficients (R) between the abundance of GalNAc genes in a microbial community with the alpha diversity (Shannon index) (top panel) and richness (bottom panel) of the community for individuals with (red, n = 1,868) and without (blue, n = 3,866) mucosal A-antigen. Y-axis is the Spearman correlation coefficient. X-axis indicates different GalNAc genes. b, Heterogeneity of associations between gut microbial GalNAc utilization genes and human phenotypes in individuals with and without mucosal A-antigen. Scatter plot shows the association effect size (standardized beta-coefficient from linear regression) between GalNAc metabolism gene abundance and host phenotypes in individuals with mucosal A-antigen (x-axis) and those without (y-axis). Error bars indicate the confidence interval of the beta-coefficient estimation. The associations between GalNAc metabolism gene abundance and host phenotypes are significantly higher in individuals with mucosal A-antigen (n = 1,868) compared to those without (n = 3,866) (Unadjusted P_{heterogeneity} < 0.05; Cochran’s Q test). Dots are colored differently for different phenotypes.

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