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. 2024 Jan 2;10(1):118–130. doi: 10.1038/s41477-023-01567-x

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 5 — Representative images depicting expression of the SlASFT promoter driving nuclear localized GFP (SlASFTp:NLS-2xGFP) in two independently-transformed hairy root lines. NLS-GFP and lignin autofluorescence (Green) and epidermal RFP autofluorescence (Magenta). (A and D) Transversal z-stack projections of mature regions of transgenic hairy roots. Red lines indicate the planes shown in the subsequent longitudinal sections. (B and E) Longitudinal section of a top plane of the z-stacks, showing the epidermal and exodermal cell layers. White arrows indicate some of the GFP-tagged nuclei in the exodermis. Yellow arrows indicate the lignin autofluorescence of the exodermal polar cap. (C and F) Longitudinal section of a bottom plane of the z-stacks, showing the epidermis, exodermis, cortex layers 1 and 2, and endodermis. White arrows indicate the GFP-tagged nuclei in the exodermis. Yellow arrows indicate the lignin autofluorescence of the exodermal polar cap and the endodermal Casparian Strip. EP: Epidermis; EXO: Exodermis; COR1&2: Cortex layer 1 and 2; ENDO: Endodermis, VASC: Vasculature.