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. 2024 Jan 11;13:1325144. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1325144

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Copyright © 2024 Zheng, Lu, Zhou, Deng, Liu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Zheng and Dai

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Diagram of anti-tumor mechanisms of T. gondii. Infection of T. gondii can reverse the immunosuppressive state of tumor microenvironment and inhibit tumor angiogenesis, and its components profilin, ROP and GRA can also inhibit tumor progression through multiple immune and non-immune pathways. T. gondii, Toxoplasma gondii; PD-L1, programmed death ligand-1; CD4/8, cluster of differentiation 4/8; IgG, immunoglobulin G; TME, tumor microenvironment; DCs, dendritic cells; IL-12, interleukin-12; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; ROP, rhoptry; GRA, granule; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-B.