Table 1.

Research on the pathogenesis of plantar ulceration utilizing plantar pressure or COP measurement in Hansen’s disease

Reference, Year	Subject Number	Plantar Pressure measurements	COP measurements	Findings
Sabato et al., 1982 [5]	30 patients	Static balance pressure  6 areas	No	Association between presence of an ulcer and the foot ground pressure.
Greve et al., 1994 [17]	13 patients, 17 control	Static balance pressure  2 areas	No	Hemilateral asymmetry and increased pressure were associated with plantar ulcer
Bhatia & Patil, 1999 [18]	108 patients, 52 control	Dynamic peak pressure (walking) 10 areas	No	Hemilateral asymmetry and increased dynamic foot pressure were associated with plantar ulcer
Slim et al., 2012 [8]	39 patients	Dynamic peak pressure (walking) 4 areas	No	Highest pressure is associated with tactile sensitivity
van Schie et al., 2013 [19]	39 patients  (with/ without ulceration)	Dynamic peak pressure (walking)  Not divided in areas	No	Current and previous ulceration do not differ on barefoot pressure.
Condeiro et al., 2014 [20]	51 patients 20 controls	Static balance pressure  6 areas		Loss of protective sensitivity in multibacilar leprosy patients is predictive of plantar ulcers Plantar pressure peaks seem to be of greater importance in paucibacilar leprosy patients in ulcer prediction
Cordeiro et al., 2014 [16]	21 patients 11 controls	Static balance pressure  6 areas	ML and AP displacement	No differences in plantar pressure or COP measurements
Viveiro et al., 2017 [21]	34 patients 34 controls	No	Area, ML and AP velocity	Greater oscillation and velocity of COP in individuals with leprosy.
Tashiro et al., 2020 [22]	20 patients	Dynamic peak pressure (walking)  12 areas	No	Neuropathic foot avoids weight bearing in the foot area with sensory loss